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5.1
Students develop number sense and use numbers and number relationships in problem-solving situations and communicate the reasoning used in solving these problems.
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5.1.1
Demonstrate meanings for whole numbers, and commonly-used fractions and decimals (for example, 1/3, 3/4, 0.5, 0.75), and representing equivalent forms of the same number through the use of physical models, drawings, calculators, and computers.
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5.1.1.a
Locate commonly used positive rational numbers including terminating decimals through hundredths, fractions (halves, thirds, fourths, eighths, and tenths), mixed numbers, and percents on a number line.
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5.1.1.b
Using concrete materials, demonstrate the equivalence of commonly-used fractions, terminating decimals, and percents (for example, 7/10 = 0.7 = 70%).
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5.1.1.c
Demonstrate the meaning of square numbers using pictorial or concrete materials.
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5.1.2
Read and write whole numbers and know place-value concepts and numeration through their relationships to counting, ordering, and grouping.
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5.1.2.a
Read, write, and order positive rational numbers, including commonly-used fractions and terminating decimals through hundredths.
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5.1.2.b
Compare commonly-used proper fractions and terminating decimals.
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5.1.3
Use numbers to count, to measure, to label, and to indicate location.
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5.1.3.a
Identify factors, multiples, and prime/composite numbers.
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5.1.3.b
Recognize equivalent representations for the same number and generate them by decomposing and composing numbers (for example, 36 can be represented as 30+6, 20+16, 9x4, 40-4, three dozen and/or the square of 6).
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5.1.3.c
Describe numbers by their characteristics (for example, even, odd, prime, square).
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5.1.4
Use the relationships among fractions, decimals, and percents, including the concepts of ratio and proportion, in problem-solving situations.
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5.1.4.a
Demonstrate the equivalent relationships among commonly used fractions, decimals, and percents using pictorial or concrete materials.
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5.1.5
Develop, test, and explain conjectures about properties of integers and rational numbers.
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5.1.5.a
Develop, test, and explain conjectures about properties of whole numbers and commonly-used fractions and decimals.
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5.1.5.b
Use number properties (commutative, associative, identity) to evaluate numeric expressions and solve equations.
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5.1.6
Using number sense to estimate and justify the reasonableness of solutions to problems involving integers, rational numbers, and common irrational numbers such as square root of 2, square root of 5 and pi.
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5.1.6.a
Use number sense to estimate sums and differences of fractions and decimals using benchmarks (for example, 5/6 + 7/8 must be equal to an amount less than 2, since each fraction is less than 1).
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5.1.6.b
Use appropriate techniques to estimate, determine, and then justify the reasonableness of solutions to problems involving whole numbers.
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5.2
Students use algebraic methods to explore, model, and describe patterns and functions involving numbers, shapes, data, and graphs in problem-solving situations and communicate the reasoning used in solving these problems.
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5.2.1
Represent, describe, and analyze patterns and relationships using tables, graphs, verbal rules, and standard algebraic notation.
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5.2.1.a
Represent, describe, and analyze geometric and numeric patterns (whole numbers).
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5.2.1.b
Recognize that a variable is used to represent an unknown quantity.
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5.2.1.c
Identify such properties as commutativity, associativity, and distributivity and use them to compute with whole numbers.
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5.2.2
Describe patterns using variables, expressions, equations, and inequalities in problem-solving situations.
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5.2.2.a
Solve problems by representing and analyzing patterns using words, tables, and graphs.
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5.2.3
Analyze functional relationships to explain how a change in one quantity results in a change in another (for example, how the area of a circle changes as the radius increases, or how a person's height changes over time).
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5.2.3.a
Describe how a change in one quantity results in a change in another quantity.
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5.2.4
Distinguish between linear and nonlinear functions through informal investigations.
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5.2.4.a
Match a description of a situation with its continuous graph.
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5.2.5
Solve simple linear equations in problem-solving situations using a variety of methods (informal, formal, and graphical) and a variety of tools (physical materials, calculators, and computers).
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5.2.5.a
Use tables, charts, concrete objects, or pictures to solve problems involving linear relationships and whole numbers.
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5.3
Students use data collection and analysis, statistics, and probability in problem-solving situations and communicate the reasoning used in solving these problems.
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5.3.1
Read and construct displays of data using appropriate techniques (for example, line graphs, circle graphs, scatter plots, box plots, stem-and-leaf plots) and appropriate technology.
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5.3.1.a
Differentiate between categorical and numerical data.
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5.3.1.b
Organize, construct, and interpret displays of data including tables, charts, pictographs, line plots, bar graphs, and line graphs.
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5.3.1.c
Read, interpret, and draw conclusions from various displays of data.
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Data, charts, and graphs: Read a table (Fifth grade - R.1)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Line graphs (Fifth grade - R.2)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Bar graphs (Fifth grade - R.3)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Pictographs (Fifth grade - R.4)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Frequency charts (Fifth grade - R.5)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Stem-and-leaf plots (Fifth grade - R.6)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Circle graphs (Fifth grade - R.7)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Histograms (Fifth grade - R.8)
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5.3.1.d
From a given scenario, choose the correct graph from possible graph representations.
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5.3.2
Display and use measures of central tendency, such as mean, median and mode and measures of variability, such as range and quartiles.
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5.3.2.a
Distinguish between the median and mode of a data set.
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5.3.2.b
Determine the range of a set of data.
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5.3.3
Evaluate arguments that are based on statistical claims.
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5.3.3.a
Analyze data and draw conclusions based on data displays such as tables, charts, line graphs, bar graphs, pictographs, and line plots.
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Graphs: Line plots (Third grade - N.4)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Read a table (Fifth grade - R.1)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Line graphs (Fifth grade - R.2)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Bar graphs (Fifth grade - R.3)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Pictographs (Fifth grade - R.4)
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Data, charts, and graphs: Frequency charts (Fifth grade - R.5)
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5.3.4
Formulate hypotheses, drawing conclusions, and making convincing arguments based on data analysis.
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5.3.4.a
Describe how data collection methods affect the nature of the data set.
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5.3.4.b
Make convincing arguments based on data analysis.
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5.3.5
Determine probabilities through experiments or simulations.
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5.3.5.a
Describe events such as likely or unlikely and explain the degree of likelihood using words, such as certain, equally likely, and impossible.
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5.3.5.b
Use zero to represent the probability of an impossible event and one to represent the probability of a certain event.
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5.3.5.c
Use common fractions to represent the probability of events that are neither certain nor impossible.
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5.3.6
Make predictions and compare results using both experimental and theoretical probability drawn from real-world problems.
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5.3.6.a
Using one chance device, such as a number cube or a spinner, design a fair game and an unfair game, and explain why they are fair and unfair.
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5.3.6.b
Make predications based on data obtained from simple probability experiments.
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5.3.7
Use counting strategies to determine all the possible outcomes from an experiment (for example, the number of ways students can line up to have their picture taken).
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5.3.7.a
Solve problems using strategies for finding all possible combinations and/or arrangements.
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5.4
Students use geometric concepts, properties, and relationships in problem-solving situations and communicate the reasoning used in solving these problems.
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5.4.1
Construct two-and three-dimensional models using a variety of materials and tools.
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5.4.1.a
Represent a three-dimensional shape in two dimensions (for example, recognize a three dimensional figure from its net).
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5.4.2
Describe, analyze and reason informally about the properties (for example, parallelism, perpendicularity, congruence) of two- and three-dimensional figures.
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5.4.2.a
Identify, compare, and analyze the attributes of two-and three-dimensional shapes and develop vocabulary to describe the attributes (for example, acute, obtuse, right angle, parallel lines, perpendicular lines, intersecting lines, and line segments).
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5.4.2.b
Make and test conjectures about geometric relationships and develop logical arguments to justify conclusions.
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5.4.3
Apply the concept of ratio, proportion and similarity in problem-solving situations.
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5.4.4
Solve problems using coordinate geometry.
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5.4.4.a
Given a coordinate graph, read coordinate pairs in quadrant one.
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5.4.4.b
Choose the coordinate graph, which represents a given data set.
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5.4.4.c
Use maps and grids to locate points, create paths and measure distances within a coordinate system.
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5.4.5
Solving problems involving perimeter and area in two dimensions, and involving surface area and volume in three dimensions.
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5.4.5.a
Solve problems involving the perimeter of polygons.
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5.4.5.b
Solve problems involving the area of rectangles and squares.
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5.4.6
Transforming geometric figures using reflections, translations, and rotations to explore congruence.
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5.4.6.a
Predict and describe the results of flipping, sliding, or turning a two-dimensional shape.
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5.4.6.b
Show lines of symmetry for geometrical shapes.
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5.5
Students use a variety of tools and techniques to measure, apply the results in problem-solving situations, and communicate the reasoning used in solving these problems.
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5.5.1
Estimate, use and describe measures of distance, perimeter, area, volume, capacity, weight, mass, and angle comparison.
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5.5.1.a
Determine the appropriate unit of measure (metric and US customary) when estimating distance, capacity, and weight.
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5.5.1.b
Estimate the length of common objects.
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5.5.1.c
Estimate the perimeter of polygons.
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5.5.1.d
Estimate the measures of angles (for example, 90º, less than 90º, more than 90º).
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5.5.1.e
Describe angles as acute, obtuse and right.
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5.5.2
Estimate, make, and use direct and indirect measurements to describe and make comparisons.
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5.5.3
Read and interpret various scales including those based on number lines, graphs, and maps.
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5.5.3.a
Read and interpret scales on number lines, graphs, and maps.
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5.5.3.b
Select the appropriate scale for a given problem (for example, using the appropriate scale when setting up a graph).
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5.5.4
Develop and use formulas and procedures to solve problems involving measurement.
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5.5.4.a
Find the perimeter and area of rectangles and squares, using appropriate units.
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5.5.5
Describe how a change in an object's linear dimensions affects its perimeter, area, and volume.
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5.5.5.a
Demonstrate how changing one of the dimensions of a rectangle affects its perimeter (using concrete materials or graph paper).
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5.5.5.b
Demonstrate how changing in one of the dimensions of a rectangle affects its area (using concrete materials or graph paper).
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5.5.6
Select and use appropriate units and tools to measure to the degree of accuracy required in a particular problemsolving situation.
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5.5.6.a
Select and use the appropriate unit and tool to measure to the degree of accuracy required in a particular problem.
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5.5.6.b
Measure the sides of rectangles, squares, and triangles to the nearest 1/4 inch and nearest centimeter.
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5.6
Students link concepts and procedures as they develop and use computational techniques, including estimation, mental arithmetic, paper-and-pencil, calculators, and computers, in problem-solving situations and communicate the reasoning used in solving these problems.
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5.6.1
Use models to explain how ratios, proportions, and percents can be used to solve real-world problems.
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5.6.1.a
Use concrete materials or pictures, determine commonly used percentages (for example, 25%, 50%) in problem-solving situations.
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5.6.2
Construct, use and explain procedures to compute and estimate with whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and integers.
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5.6.2.a
Demonstrate the conceptual meaning of the four basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division).
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5.6.2.b
Use and explain strategies to add, subtract, multiply and divide whole numbers in problem-solving situations.
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5.6.2.c
Demonstrate proficiency of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of whole numbers in problem-solving situations.
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5.6.2.d
Use and explain strategies to add and subtract commonly-used fractions with like denominators in problem-solving situations.
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5.6.2.e
Use and explain strategies to add and subtract commonly-used decimals in problem-solving situations.
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5.6.3
Develop, apply and explain a variety of different estimation strategies in problem-solving situations, and explain why an estimate may be acceptable in place of an exact answer.
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5.6.3.a
Determine from real-world problems whether an estimated or exact answer is acceptable.
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5.6.3.b
Use and explain a variety of estimation techniques to solve problems.
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5.6.4
Select and use appropriate methods for computing with commonly used fractions and decimals, percents, and integers in problem-solving situations from among mental arithmetic, estimation, paper-and-pencil, calculator, and computer methods, and determining whether the results are reasonable.
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5.6.4.a
Determine whether information given is a problem-solving situation is sufficient, insufficient, or extraneous.
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5.6.4.b
Given a real-world problem, use an appropriate method (mental arithmetic, estimation, paper-and-pencil, calculator) to correctly solve the problem.
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5.6.4.c
Given a math sentence, use any one of the four operations with whole numbers, create and illustrate a real-world problem.
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5.6.4.d
In a problem-solving situation, determine whether the results are reasonable and justify those results with correct computations.
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