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8.A
Algebraic Reasoning: Patterns and Functions
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8.A.1
Generalize the relationships in patterns in a variety of ways, including recursive and explicit descriptions.
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8.A.2
Determine whether relationships are linear or nonlinear.
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8.A.3
Write and solve problems involving proportional relationships (direct variation) using linear equations (y = mx).
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8.A.4
Examine and make comparisons in writing between linear and non-linear mathematical relationships, including y = mx, y = mx2 and y = mx3, using a variety of representations.
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8.A.5
Represent linear and nonlinear mathematical relationships with verbal descriptions, tables, graphs and equations when possible.
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8.A.6
Determine the constant rate of change in a linear relationship and recognize this as the slope of a line.
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8.A.7
Compare and contrast the slopes and the graphs of lines that have a positive slope, negative slope, zero slope, undefined slope, slopes greater than one and slopes between zero and one.
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8.A.8
Compare and contrast the slopes and the graphs of lines to classify lines as parallel, perpendicular or intersecting.
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8.A.9
Interpret and describe slope and y-intercepts from contextual situations, graphs and linear equations.
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8.A.10
Evaluate and simplify algebraic expressions, equations and formulas, including those with powers, using algebraic properties and the order of operations.
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8.A.11
Examine systems of two linear equations in context that have a common solution, (point of intersection) using tables, graphs and substitution and interpret the solution.
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8.A.12
Write and solve multi-step equations using various algebraic methods, including the distributive property such as 3(x + 2) =10), combining like terms such as 3x + 2x = 15, and properties of equality and justify the solutions.
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8.N
Numerical and Proportional Reasoning
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8.N.1
Compare and order rational and common irrational numbers such as -5, 1/16, -4 1/2, the square root of 2, and pi; and locate them on number lines, scales and coordinate grids.
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8.N.2
Identify perfect squares and their square roots and use these relationships to estimate other square roots.
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8.N.3
Read and represent whole numbers and those between zero and one in scientific notation and vice versa and compare their magnitudes.
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8.N.4
Represent fractions, mixed numbers, decimals and percentages in equivalent forms.
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8.N.5
Compute using addition, subtraction, multiplication and division; solve problems with positive and negative rational numbers.
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8.N.6
Calculate the square roots of positive rational numbers using technology.
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8.N.7
Develop and use strategies for multiplying and dividing with numbers expressed in scientific notation using the commutative and associative properties.
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8.N.8
Estimate reasonable answers and solve problems in context involving rational and common irrational numbers, ratios and percentages, including percentage of increase and decrease, and justify solutions in writing.
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8.N.9
Use proportional reasoning to write and solve problems in context.
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8.N.10
Solve a variety of problems in context involving percents, including the following:
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8.N.10.a
Percentage of a number
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8.N.10.b
The percentage one number is of another number
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8.N.10.c
The percentage of a missing amount
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8.N.10.d
Percentage increase/decrease
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8.N.11
Use the rules for exponents to multiply and divide with powers of 10 and extend to other bases.
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8.N.12
Estimate answers to problems in context containing numbers expressed in scientific notation.
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8.N.13
Use tables, spreadsheets and calculators to solve problems in context that involve repetitive multiplication (such as compound interest and depreciation) to develop an understanding of exponential growth and decay.
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8.G
Geometry and Measurement
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8.G.1
Determine the effect of scale factors (resulting in similar figures) on the perimeters and areas of two-dimensional shapes and the surface areas and volumes of three-dimensional solids.
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8.G.2
Make and test conjectures about the angle and side relationships to determine that similar figures have congruent angles and corresponding sides proportional and congruent figures have congruent angles and sides.
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8.G.3
Construct and/or examine right triangles, make and test conjectures about the relationships of the angles and sides and develop the Pythagorean Theorem.
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8.G.4
Apply side and angle relationships in geometric figures to solve problems, including the Pythagorean Theorem and similar figures.
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8.G.5
Use a coordinate plane to make and test conjectures about changes in the coordinates of the vertices of polygons as a result of a transformation (translation and/or reflection) and describe the results in writing.
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8.G.6
Develop and use formulas to determine the surface areas of rectangular prisms, cylinders and pyramids.
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8.G.7
Develop formulas using measurement strategies and concrete models, and use formulas to determine the volumes of pyramids, cones and spheres.
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8.G.8
Understand and describe in writing that measurement tools, measurements and estimates of measures are not precise and can affect the results of calculations.
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8.G.9
Use estimation and measurement strategies, including formulas, to solve surface area and volume problems in context.
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8.G.10
Solve customary or metric measurement problems in context using Dimensional Analysis (the Unit Factor Method) and justify the results in writing.
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8.D
Working with Data: Probability and Statistics
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8.D.1
Collect, organize and display data using an appropriate representation (including box-and-whisker plots, stem-and-leaf plots, scatter plots and histograms) based on the size and type of data set and the purpose for its use.
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8.D.2
Use appropriate representations to compare and analyze large data sets.
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8.D.3
Identify where measures of central tendency and spread are found in graphical displays, including box-and-whisker plots, stem-and-leaf plots, scatter plots and histograms.
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8.D.4
Use descriptive statistics (including range, mode, median, mean, quartiles and outliers) to describe data and support conclusions in writing.
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Statistics: Calculate mean, median, mode, and range (Eighth grade - BB.1)
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Statistics: Interpret charts to find mean, median, mode, and range (Eighth grade - BB.2)
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Statistics: Mean, median, mode, and range: find the missing number (Eighth grade - BB.3)
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Statistics: Changes in mean, median, mode, and range (Eighth grade - BB.4)
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Statistics: Quartiles (Eighth grade - BB.5)
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8.D.5
Make predictions from scatter plots by using or estimating a line-of-best-fit.
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8.D.6
Make observations and inferences and evaluate hypotheses based on collected and/or experimental data.
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8.D.7
Describe in writing the accuracy of statistical claims such as four out of five dentists prefer Brand X toothpaste by recognizing when a sample is biased or when data is misrepresented.
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8.D.8
Explain the effects of sample size and sampling techniques (convenience sampling, voluntary response sampling, systematic sampling and random sampling) on statistical claims.
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8.D.9
Determine when a situation is a permutation (changing the order results in a different outcome) or a combination (changing the order does not result in a different outcome).
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8.D.10
Use tree diagrams, lists or the Counting Principle to determine all possible outcomes in permutations and combinations.
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8.D.11
Apply permutations and combinations to predict possible outcomes and find probabilities to solve problems in a variety of contexts.
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