A ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

B use scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

C demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment during classroom and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards;

D use tools, including hand lenses; metric rulers; Celsius thermometers; wind vanes; rain gauges; graduated cylinders; beakers; digital scales; hot plates; meter sticks; magnets; notebooks; Sun, Earth, Moon system models; timing devices; materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrariums, aquariums, and collecting nets; and materials to support digital data collection such as computers, tablets, and cameras, to observe, measure, test, and analyze information;

E collect observations and measurements as evidence;

F construct appropriate graphic organizers to collect data, including tables, bar graphs, line graphs, tree maps, concept maps, Venn diagrams, flow charts or sequence maps, and input-output tables that show cause and effect; and

G develop and use models to represent phenomena, objects, and processes or design a prototype for a solution to a problem.

A identify advantages and limitations of models such as their size, scale, properties, and materials;

B analyze data by identifying any significant features, patterns, or sources of error;

C use mathematical calculations to compare patterns and relationships; and

D evaluate a design or object using criteria.

A develop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models;

B communicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats; and

C listen actively to others' explanations to identify relevant evidence and engage respectfully in scientific discussion.

A explain how scientific discoveries and innovative solutions to problems impact science and society; and

B research and explore resources such as museums, libraries, professional organizations, private companies, online platforms, and mentors employed in a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) field to investigate STEM careers.

A identify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions;

B identify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain scientific phenomena or analyze problems;

C use scale, proportion, and quantity to describe, compare, or model different systems;

D examine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system;

E investigate the flow of energy and cycling of matter through systems;

F explain the relationship between the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems; and

G explain how factors or conditions impact stability and change in objects, organisms, and systems.

A measure, test, and record physical properties of matter, including temperature, mass, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float in water;

B describe and classify samples of matter as solids, liquids, and gases and demonstrate that solids have a definite shape and that liquids and gases take the shape of their container;

C predict, observe, and record changes in the state of matter caused by heating or cooling in a variety of substances such as ice becoming liquid water, condensation forming on the outside of a glass, or liquid water being heated to the point of becoming water vapor (gas); and

D demonstrate that materials can be combined based on their physical properties to create or modify objects such as building a tower or adding clay to sand to make a stronger brick and justify the selection of materials based on their physical properties.

A demonstrate and describe forces acting on an object in contact or at a distance, including magnetism, gravity, and pushes and pulls; and

B plan and conduct a descriptive investigation to demonstrate and explain how position and motion can be changed by pushing and pulling objects such as swings, balls, and wagons.

A identify everyday examples of energy, including light, sound, thermal, and mechanical; and

B plan and conduct investigations that demonstrate how the speed of an object is related to its mechanical energy.

A construct models and explain the orbits of the Sun, Earth, and Moon in relation to each other; and

B identify the order of the planets in Earth's solar system in relation to the Sun.

A compare and describe day-to-day weather in different locations at the same time, including air temperature, wind direction, and precipitation;

B investigate and explain how soils such as sand and clay are formed by weathering of rock and by decomposition of plant and animal remains; and

C model and describe rapid changes in Earth's surface such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides.

A explore and explain how humans use natural resources such as in construction, in agriculture, in transportation, and to make products;

B explain why the conservation of natural resources is important; and

C identify ways to conserve natural resources through reducing, reusing, or recycling.

A explain how temperature and precipitation affect animal growth and behavior through migration and hibernation and plant responses through dormancy;

B identify and describe the flow of energy in a food chain and predict how changes in a food chain such as removal of frogs from a pond or bees from a field affect the ecosystem;

C describe how natural changes to the environment such as floods and droughts cause some organisms to thrive and others to perish or move to new locations; and

D identify fossils as evidence of past living organisms and environments, including common Texas fossils.

A explore and explain how external structures and functions of animals such as the neck of a giraffe or webbed feet on a duck enable them to survive in their environment; and

B explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in organisms such as beetles, crickets, radishes, or lima beans.