Arkansas English Language Arts Standards (adopted in 2023): Kindergarten
Skills available for Arkansas Kindergarten language arts standards
Strand
Print skill plan
FR
Foundational Reading
Concepts of Print: Concepts of print is the awareness of how print works, that print carries meaning, and that books contain letters and words.
K.FR.1.CP Follow words from left to right, top to bottom, and page-by-page.
K.FR.1.CP Follow words from left to right, top to bottom, and page-by-page.
K.FR.2.CP Recognize that spoken words are represented in written language by specific sequences of letters and that print carries meaning (e.g., the spoken word "dog" is represented in print by d-o-g).
Sequence letters
Word recognition
Short vowel words
K.FR.2.CP Recognize that spoken words are represented in written language by specific sequences of letters and that print carries meaning (e.g., the spoken word "dog" is represented in print by d-o-g).
Sequence letters
Word recognition
Short vowel words
K.FR.3.CP Point to words, using one-to-one correspondence to demonstrate that words are separated by spaces.
K.FR.3.CP Point to words, using one-to-one correspondence to demonstrate that words are separated by spaces.
K.FR.4.CP Name all upper and lowercase letters of the alphabet in print.
Learn letter names: A–H
Learn letter names: I–P
Learn letter names: Q–Z
Learn uppercase and lowercase letters
Identify uppercase letters
Identify lowercase letters
Frequently confused letters
K.FR.4.CP Name all upper and lowercase letters of the alphabet in print.
Learn letter names: A–H
Learn letter names: I–P
Learn letter names: Q–Z
Learn uppercase and lowercase letters
Identify uppercase letters
Identify lowercase letters
Frequently confused letters
Phonemic Awareness: Phonemic awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words.
K.FR.5.PA Isolate and pronounce the initial, medial vowel, and final sounds in three sound words.
Initial sounds
Medial short vowel sounds
Medial long vowel sounds
Final sounds
Segment sounds
K.FR.5.PA Isolate and pronounce the initial, medial vowel, and final sounds in three sound words.
Initial sounds
Medial short vowel sounds
Medial long vowel sounds
Final sounds
Segment sounds
K.FR.6.PA Blend two to four individual sounds to create one-syllable words (e.g., /a/ /t/ to at; /s/ /i/ /p/ to sip; /c/ /a/ /t/ /s/ to cats).
K.FR.6.PA Blend two to four individual sounds to create one-syllable words (e.g., /a/ /t/ to at; /s/ /i/ /p/ to sip; /c/ /a/ /t/ /s/ to cats).
K.FR.7.PA Segment one-syllable words into individual sounds.
K.FR.7.PA Segment one-syllable words into individual sounds.
K.FR.8.PA Distinguish between sounds based on place of articulation (where in the mouth it is produced) and manner of articulation (voicing and air flow) (e.g., /p/ vs. /b/; /ch/ vs. /j/).
K.FR.8.PA Distinguish between sounds based on place of articulation (where in the mouth it is produced) and manner of articulation (voicing and air flow) (e.g., /p/ vs. /b/; /ch/ vs. /j/).
Phonics Decoding (Word Reading): Phonics Decoding is the process of transforming graphemes (letter or letter combinations that stand for one sound) into phonemes (sounds) and then blending the sounds to form words with recognizable meanings.
K.FR.9.PD Decode one-syllable words with single consonants and all short vowels (e.g., bag, sip, web, hog, cut).
Consonants
Short a
Short e
Short i
Short o
Short u
K.FR.9.PD Decode one-syllable words with single consonants and all short vowels (e.g., bag, sip, web, hog, cut).
Consonants
Short a
Short e
Short i
Short o
Short u
K.FR.10.PD Decode one-syllable words with consonant digraphs (sh, ch, th) and all short vowels (e.g., wish, chap, that).
K.FR.10.PD Decode one-syllable words with consonant digraphs (sh, ch, th) and all short vowels (e.g., wish, chap, that).
K.FR.11.PD Decode one-syllable words with single consonants and final long vowels (e.g., we, go).
K.FR.11.PD Decode one-syllable words with single consonants and final long vowels (e.g., we, go).
K.FR.12.PD Read high-frequency words.
K.FR.12.PD Read high-frequency words.
K.FR.13.PD Decode words with suffix -s (e.g., sits, maps, runs).
K.FR.13.PD Decode words with suffix -s (e.g., sits, maps, runs).
Phonics Encoding (Word Writing): Phonics Encoding is the process of translating a spoken word or sound into a written symbol to create words with recognizable meanings.
K.FR.14.PE Encode one-syllable words with single consonants and all short vowels (e.g., cat, net, hit, pop, pup).
K.FR.14.PE Encode one-syllable words with single consonants and all short vowels (e.g., cat, net, hit, pop, pup).
K.FR.15.PE Encode one-syllable words with single consonants and final long vowel sounds (e.g., a, me, go).
K.FR.15.PE Encode one-syllable words with single consonants and final long vowel sounds (e.g., a, me, go).
K.FR.16.PE Encode words phonetically, drawing on knowledge of sound-letter relationships.
Consonant blends
Short vowel words
K.FR.16.PE Encode words phonetically, drawing on knowledge of sound-letter relationships.
Consonant blends
Short vowel words
K.FR.17.PE Encode words with final suffix -s (e.g., cats, runs).
K.FR.17.PE Encode words with final suffix -s (e.g., cats, runs).
Handwriting: Handwriting is writing done by hand, using a pencil, pen, digital stylus, or another instrument.
K.FR.18.H Demonstrate proper pencil grip.
K.FR.18.H Demonstrate proper pencil grip.
K.FR.19.H Form upper and lowercase letters and numerals correctly, using a common path of movement.
K.FR.19.H Form upper and lowercase letters and numerals correctly, using a common path of movement.
Fluency: Fluency is the ability to perform a task with automaticity, correctly and at an appropriate rate.
K.FR.20.F Name all upper and lowercase letters in non-sequential order with accuracy and automaticity.
Letter identification
Lowercase letters
Uppercase letters
K.FR.20.F Name all upper and lowercase letters in non-sequential order with accuracy and automaticity.
Letter identification
Lowercase letters
Uppercase letters
K.FR.21.F Produce the most common sound for each letter of the alphabet with accuracy and automaticity.
Consonants
Short vowels
Short and long vowels
K.FR.21.F Produce the most common sound for each letter of the alphabet with accuracy and automaticity.
Consonants
Short vowels
Short and long vowels
K.FR.22.F Orally read texts consisting of previously taught grapheme-phoneme correspondences, self-correcting as necessary.
Short vowel sentences
Decodable texts
K.FR.22.F Orally read texts consisting of previously taught grapheme-phoneme correspondences, self-correcting as necessary.
Short vowel sentences
Decodable texts
RC
Reading Comprehension
Reading Fundamentals: Reading Fundamentals includes skills that can be applied to literary and informational texts.
K.RC.1.RF Ask questions about key details in a text.
K.RC.1.RF Ask questions about key details in a text.
K.RC.2.RF Answer questions about key details in a text.
Main idea
Setting and character
Read-along literary texts
Decodable texts
Read-alone literary texts
Read-along informational texts
Read-alone informational texts
K.RC.2.RF Answer questions about key details in a text.
Main idea
Setting and character
Read-along literary texts
Decodable texts
Read-alone literary texts
Read-along informational texts
Read-alone informational texts
K.RC.3.RF Orally retell a text after listening to it read aloud; include the main topic and key details.
K.RC.3.RF Orally retell a text after listening to it read aloud; include the main topic and key details.
K.RC.4.RF Build general and academic vocabulary and background knowledge of age and grade-appropriate topics through discussion, reading, and writing.
Color and number words
Adjectives and verbs
Location words
Question words
Synonyms and antonyms
Categories
Multiple-meaning words
K.RC.4.RF Build general and academic vocabulary and background knowledge of age and grade-appropriate topics through discussion, reading, and writing.
Color and number words
Adjectives and verbs
Location words
Question words
Synonyms and antonyms
Categories
Multiple-meaning words
K.RC.5.RF Explain the roles of both the author and the illustrator.
K.RC.5.RF Explain the roles of both the author and the illustrator.
K.RC.6.RF Use background knowledge and details, including illustrations, charts, and graphs, to make predictions and inferences about what happens in a text.
K.RC.6.RF Use background knowledge and details, including illustrations, charts, and graphs, to make predictions and inferences about what happens in a text.
K.RC.7.RF Demonstrate comprehension of age and grade-appropriate texts by speaking or writing.
Read-along literary texts
Decodable texts
Read-alone literary texts
Read-along informational texts
Read-alone informational texts
K.RC.7.RF Demonstrate comprehension of age and grade-appropriate texts by speaking or writing.
Read-along literary texts
Decodable texts
Read-alone literary texts
Read-along informational texts
Read-alone informational texts
Reading Literature: Reading Literature includes skills that are specific to literature.
K.RC.8.RL Identify the major characters in a text.
K.RC.8.RL Identify the major characters in a text.
K.RC.9.RL Identify settings and events in a text.
K.RC.9.RL Identify settings and events in a text.
K.RC.10.RL Compare and contrast the characters in texts.
K.RC.10.RL Compare and contrast the characters in texts.
K.RC.12.RL Recognize literary texts, using text elements (e.g., title, illustrations, story elements, literary introductions such as "Once upon a time").
Reality vs. fiction
Read-along literary texts
Read-alone literary texts
K.RC.12.RL Recognize literary texts, using text elements (e.g., title, illustrations, story elements, literary introductions such as "Once upon a time").
Reality vs. fiction
Read-along literary texts
Read-alone literary texts
Reading Information: Reading Information includes skills that are specific to non-fiction texts.
K.RC.13.RI Identify the main points an author uses in a text.
K.RC.13.RI Identify the main points an author uses in a text.
K.RC.14.RI Compare and contrast two texts on the same topic.
K.RC.14.RI Compare and contrast two texts on the same topic.
K.RC.15.RI Recognize informational texts, using text elements (e.g., title, photographs, diagrams, descriptions).
K.RC.15.RI Recognize informational texts, using text elements (e.g., title, photographs, diagrams, descriptions).
K.RC.16.RI Identify text features (e.g., title, author, illustrator, table of contents, bold font, italics).
K.RC.16.RI Identify text features (e.g., title, author, illustrator, table of contents, bold font, italics).
K.RC.17.RI Explain how visual images (e.g., charts, graphs, illustrations) support understanding of a text.
K.RC.17.RI Explain how visual images (e.g., charts, graphs, illustrations) support understanding of a text.
V
Vocabulary
Vocabulary: Vocabulary includes understanding and using words to communicate effectively.
K.V.1 Determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases in a text read aloud.
K.V.1 Determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases in a text read aloud.
K.V.2 Use sentence-level clues to identify the meaning of a word or phrase during read-aloud instruction.
K.V.2 Use sentence-level clues to identify the meaning of a word or phrase during read-aloud instruction.
K.V.3 Sort and categorize objects and images by concepts.
K.V.3 Sort and categorize objects and images by concepts.
K.V.4 Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs (e.g., march, run, jog, strut, prance).
K.V.4 Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs (e.g., march, run, jog, strut, prance).
K.V.5 Use most common prefixes (e.g., un-, re-) and suffixes (e.g., -ed, -s) as clues to meaning.
K.V.5 Use most common prefixes (e.g., un-, re-) and suffixes (e.g., -ed, -s) as clues to meaning.
W
Writing
Style: Writing style includes different types of writing for different purposes.
K.W.1.S Write an opinion piece about a topic or text, including a reason.
K.W.1.S Write an opinion piece about a topic or text, including a reason.
K.W.2.S Write an informative piece with facts.
K.W.2.S Write an informative piece with facts.
K.W.3.S Write a narrative with the events in chronological order.
K.W.3.S Write a narrative with the events in chronological order.
Production: Writing production includes volume and clarity of writing, the writing process, and research.
K.W.4.P Produce writing, using precise language and grade-appropriate conventions.
Complete sentences
Capitalization
Punctuation
Location words
Nouns
Pronouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Subject-verb agreement
Personal pronouns
K.W.4.P Produce writing, using precise language and grade-appropriate conventions.
Complete sentences
Capitalization
Punctuation
Location words
Nouns
Pronouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Subject-verb agreement
Personal pronouns
K.W.5.P Revise word choice in writing.
Location words
Synonyms and antonyms
K.W.5.P Revise word choice in writing.
Location words
Synonyms and antonyms
K.W.6.P Edit writing to include grade-appropriate conventions for publishing (e.g., capitalize the first word in the sentence, capitalize the pronoun "I," use end punctuation marks).
Capitalization
End punctuation
K.W.6.P Edit writing to include grade-appropriate conventions for publishing (e.g., capitalize the first word in the sentence, capitalize the pronoun "I," use end punctuation marks).
Capitalization
End punctuation
K.W.7.P Participate in teacher-led research projects and produce simple findings.
K.W.7.P Participate in teacher-led research projects and produce simple findings.
L
Language
Structures: Language structure involves correct use of parts of speech and creating sentences in speaking and writing, including how the arrangement of words within sentences impacts the meaning.
K.L.1.S Use common nouns.
K.L.1.S Use common nouns.
K.L.2.S Use singular nouns.
K.L.2.S Use singular nouns.
K.L.3.S Use plural nouns.
K.L.3.S Use plural nouns.
K.L.4.S Use pronoun "I."
K.L.4.S Use pronoun "I."
K.L.5.S Use regular action verbs.
K.L.5.S Use regular action verbs.
K.L.6.S Use singular nouns with verbs that agree in basic sentences (e.g., He hops.).
K.L.6.S Use singular nouns with verbs that agree in basic sentences (e.g., He hops.).
K.L.7.S Produce simple sentences independently.
K.L.7.S Produce simple sentences independently.
Conventions: Conventions involve the correct use of mechanics in writing.
K.L.8.C Capitalize the first word in a sentence.
K.L.8.C Capitalize the first word in a sentence.
K.L.9.C Capitalize the pronoun "I."
K.L.9.C Capitalize the pronoun "I."
K.L.10.C Use all end punctuation marks.
K.L.10.C Use all end punctuation marks.