K-12 ELA Standards: Kindergarten
Skills available for Georgia kindergarten language arts standards
Domain
Print skill plan
F
Foundations
Students develop the ability to identify and produce the sound structures of spoken language and how they can be divided into smaller components and manipulated.
K.F.PA.1 Identify and produce rhyme in spoken language and oral texts.
K.F.PA.1 Identify and produce rhyme in spoken language and oral texts.
K.F.PA.1.a: Identify and pair words that rhyme in spoken language and text, distinguishing them from those that do not.
K.F.PA.1.a: Identify and pair words that rhyme in spoken language and text, distinguishing them from those that do not.
K.F.PA.1.b: Orally produce words that rhyme.
K.F.PA.1.b: Orally produce words that rhyme.
K.F.PA.2 Recognize the basic relationships that exist between words and sentences.
K.F.PA.2 Recognize the basic relationships that exist between words and sentences.
K.F.PA.2.a: Know words are put together to make sentences, and sentences communicate complete thoughts.
K.F.PA.2.a: Know words are put together to make sentences, and sentences communicate complete thoughts.
K.F.PA.2.b: Segment phrases and sentences into words.
K.F.PA.2.b: Segment phrases and sentences into words.
K.F.PA.2.c: Know that sounds are put together to make words and that words have distinct meanings.
K.F.PA.2.c: Know that sounds are put together to make words and that words have distinct meanings.
K.F.PA.3 Identify and manipulate separate words in compound words.
K.F.PA.3 Identify and manipulate separate words in compound words.
K.F.PA.3.a: Blend and segment separate words in spoken compound words.
K.F.PA.3.a: Blend and segment separate words in spoken compound words.
K.F.PA.3.b: Add, delete, and substitute single words in spoken compound words.
K.F.PA.3.b: Add, delete, and substitute single words in spoken compound words.
K-1.F.PA.4 Identify and manipulate syllables in spoken words.
K-1.F.PA.4 Identify and manipulate syllables in spoken words.
K.F.PA.4.a: Know that syllables are word parts with one vowel sound.
K.F.PA.4.a: Know that syllables are word parts with one vowel sound.
K.F.PA.4.b: Count and pronounce syllables in single and multisyllabic spoken words.
K.F.PA.4.b: Count and pronounce syllables in single and multisyllabic spoken words.
K.F.PA.4.c: Blend and segment syllables in spoken words.
Blend syllables
Segment syllables
K.F.PA.4.c: Blend and segment syllables in spoken words.
Blend syllables
Segment syllables
K.F.PA.4.d: Delete syllables in spoken words.
K.F.PA.4.d: Delete syllables in spoken words.
K-1.F.PA.5 Blend and segment onsets and rimes in spoken words.
K-1.F.PA.5 Blend and segment onsets and rimes in spoken words.
K.F.PA.5.a: Blend onsets and rimes of spoken one-syllable words.
K.F.PA.5.a: Blend onsets and rimes of spoken one-syllable words.
K.F.PA.5.b: Segment onsets and rimes of spoken one-syllable words.
K.F.PA.5.b: Segment onsets and rimes of spoken one-syllable words.
K-1.F.PA.6 Identify and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words.
K-1.F.PA.6 Identify and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words.
K.F.PA.6.a: Isolate and pronounce initial, final, and then medial sounds in spoken words with three phonemes.
Initial sounds
Final sounds
Medial sounds
Blend and segment
K.F.PA.6.a: Isolate and pronounce initial, final, and then medial sounds in spoken words with three phonemes.
Initial sounds
Final sounds
Medial sounds
Blend and segment
K.F.PA.6.b: Identify short and long vowel sounds in spoken one-syllable words.
Short vowels
Long vowels
Short and long vowels
K.F.PA.6.b: Identify short and long vowel sounds in spoken one-syllable words.
Short vowels
Long vowels
Short and long vowels
K.F.PA.6.c: Blend, count, and segment up to three phonemes in spoken one-syllable words.
K.F.PA.6.c: Blend, count, and segment up to three phonemes in spoken one-syllable words.
K.F.PA.6.d: Add, delete, and substitute phonemes in spoken one-syllable words with up to three phonemes.
K.F.PA.6.d: Add, delete, and substitute phonemes in spoken one-syllable words with up to three phonemes.
Students develop the awareness that written language carries meaning and that certain features of print ensure that texts are understood.
K.F.CP.1 Understand that texts communicate messages.
K.F.CP.1 Understand that texts communicate messages.
K.F.CP.1.a: Recognize that texts and images represent objects and ideas, have meaning, and convey messages.
K.F.CP.1.a: Recognize that texts and images represent objects and ideas, have meaning, and convey messages.
K.F.CP.1.b: Recognize and interpret print messages in the environment, such as labels and signs.
K.F.CP.1.b: Recognize and interpret print messages in the environment, such as labels and signs.
K.F.CP.1.c: Distinguish between letters, words, digits, and graphics.
K.F.CP.1.c: Distinguish between letters, words, digits, and graphics.
K.F.CP.2 Understand the conventional layout of books and how to maneuver them.
K.F.CP.2 Understand the conventional layout of books and how to maneuver them.
K.F.CP.2.a: Hold books upright and begin reading at the front.
K.F.CP.2.a: Hold books upright and begin reading at the front.
K.F.CP.2.b: Follow text from top to bottom, left to right, and turn pages from right to left.
K.F.CP.2.b: Follow text from top to bottom, left to right, and turn pages from right to left.
K.F.CP.2.c: Identify the front and back covers of books and their basic elements: titles, author names, illustrator names, and graphics.
K.F.CP.2.c: Identify the front and back covers of books and their basic elements: titles, author names, illustrator names, and graphics.
K.F.CP.3 Build a knowledge base of print conventions.
K.F.CP.3 Build a knowledge base of print conventions.
K.F.CP.3.a: Recognize that written words are made up of individual letters.
K.F.CP.3.a: Recognize that written words are made up of individual letters.
K.F.CP.3.b: Recognize that words are separated by spaces.
K.F.CP.3.b: Recognize that words are separated by spaces.
K.F.CP.3.c: Understand that sentences begin with capital letters and end with punctuation to indicate the end of a sentence.
K.F.CP.3.c: Understand that sentences begin with capital letters and end with punctuation to indicate the end of a sentence.
K.F.CP.4 Demonstrate knowledge of the alphabet.
K.F.CP.4 Demonstrate knowledge of the alphabet.
K.F.CP.4.a: Recite the letters of the alphabet in order.
K.F.CP.4.a: Recite the letters of the alphabet in order.
K.F.CP.4.b: Name and identify each uppercase and lowercase letter in random order.
Learn letter names: A–H
Learn letter names: I–P
Learn letter names: Q–Z
Learn uppercase and lowercase letters
Identify uppercase letters
Identify lowercase letters
Frequently confused letters
K.F.CP.4.b: Name and identify each uppercase and lowercase letter in random order.
Learn letter names: A–H
Learn letter names: I–P
Learn letter names: Q–Z
Learn uppercase and lowercase letters
Identify uppercase letters
Identify lowercase letters
Frequently confused letters
Students learn the relationships between the sounds of spoken language and the letters of written language as they decode and encode words in context and in isolation.
K-2.F.P.1 Identify and produce phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
K-2.F.P.1 Identify and produce phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
K.F.P.1.a: Identify and produce basic one-to-one phoneme-grapheme correspondences for the most frequently used sound for each consonant.
Identify letter sounds
K.F.P.1.a: Identify and produce basic one-to-one phoneme-grapheme correspondences for the most frequently used sound for each consonant.
Identify letter sounds
K.F.P.1.b: Identify and produce both long and short vowel sounds for A, E, I, O, U.
Short a
Short e
Short i
Short o
Short u
Short vowels: review
Long vowels
Short and long vowels
K.F.P.1.b: Identify and produce both long and short vowel sounds for A, E, I, O, U.
Short a
Short e
Short i
Short o
Short u
Short vowels: review
Long vowels
Short and long vowels
K-2.F.P.2 Use grade-level phonics skills to decode words in context and in isolation.
K-2.F.P.2 Use grade-level phonics skills to decode words in context and in isolation.
K.F.P.2.a: Blend letter sounds to decode simple one-syllable words, including regularly spelled high-frequency words (VC, CV, CVC).
K.F.P.2.a: Blend letter sounds to decode simple one-syllable words, including regularly spelled high-frequency words (VC, CV, CVC).
K.F.P.2.b: Identify and decode parts of irregularly spelled high-frequency words.
K.F.P.2.b: Identify and decode parts of irregularly spelled high-frequency words.
K.F.P.2.e: Identify and distinguish between words that are spelled similarly by identifying the sounds of the letters that differ.
Consonant blends
Short vowels
K.F.P.2.e: Identify and distinguish between words that are spelled similarly by identifying the sounds of the letters that differ.
Consonant blends
Short vowels
K-2.F.P.3 Use grade-level phonics skills to encode words in context and in isolation.
K-2.F.P.3 Use grade-level phonics skills to encode words in context and in isolation.
K.F.P.3.a: Use knowledge of letter/sound correspondences to connect letters (graphemes) to sounds (phonemes) to encode simple one-syllable words, including high-frequency words (VC, CV, CVC).
K.F.P.3.a: Use knowledge of letter/sound correspondences to connect letters (graphemes) to sounds (phonemes) to encode simple one-syllable words, including high-frequency words (VC, CV, CVC).
K.F.P.3.b: Identify and encode irregularly spelled high-frequency words.
K.F.P.3.b: Identify and encode irregularly spelled high-frequency words.
Students read text aloud or silently with speed, accuracy, and expression.
K-2.F.F.1 Demonstrate oral and silent reading fluency while reading texts for understanding, self-correcting as necessary to ensure accuracy and aid comprehension.
K-2.F.F.1 Demonstrate oral and silent reading fluency while reading texts for understanding, self-correcting as necessary to ensure accuracy and aid comprehension.
K.F.F.1.a: Develop sight word vocabulary using decoding skills by reading regularly and irregularly spelled high-frequency words in isolation and context with increasing automaticity, including first and last names of students and others.
Match sight words
Read sight words
Sight word review
K.F.F.1.a: Develop sight word vocabulary using decoding skills by reading regularly and irregularly spelled high-frequency words in isolation and context with increasing automaticity, including first and last names of students and others.
Match sight words
Read sight words
Sight word review
K.F.F.1.b: Read familiar texts chorally with appropriate volume and rate.
K.F.F.1.b: Read familiar texts chorally with appropriate volume and rate.
K.F.F.1.c: Read grade-level texts with purpose and understanding.
Rhymes
Short vowel sentences
Decodable texts
Read-alone literary texts
Read-alone informational texts
K.F.F.1.c: Read grade-level texts with purpose and understanding.
Rhymes
Short vowel sentences
Decodable texts
Read-alone literary texts
Read-alone informational texts
Students develop print handwriting skills.
K-2.F.H.1 Use fine motor skills to form legible letters and words in print.
K-2.F.H.1 Use fine motor skills to form legible letters and words in print.
K.F.H.1.a: Form all uppercase and lowercase letters.
K.F.H.1.a: Form all uppercase and lowercase letters.
K.F.H.1.b: Form words, including first and last names.
K.F.H.1.b: Form words, including first and last names.
K.F.H.1.c: Use appropriate spacing between letters, words, and sentences.
K.F.H.1.c: Use appropriate spacing between letters, words, and sentences.
K-2.F.H.2 Use working memory to transcribe oral language to written text and maintain meaning while writing letters, words, and sentences quickly and accurately.
K-2.F.H.2 Use working memory to transcribe oral language to written text and maintain meaning while writing letters, words, and sentences quickly and accurately.
K.F.H.2.a: Practice basic transcription skills.
K.F.H.2.a: Practice basic transcription skills.
K.F.H.2.b: Begin building handwriting fluency by forming accurate letters, including those in first and last names.
K.F.H.2.b: Begin building handwriting fluency by forming accurate letters, including those in first and last names.
L
Language
Students observe, analyze, and use the structures and conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics as they interpret and construct texts.
K-2.L.GC.1 Learn and apply conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics to aid the comprehension of texts and to communicate clearly in written and spoken language.
Sentences
Question words
Capitalization
Nouns
Articles
Plural nouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Past tense
Subject-verb agreement
K-2.L.GC.1 Learn and apply conventions of Standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics to aid the comprehension of texts and to communicate clearly in written and spoken language.
Sentences
Question words
Capitalization
Nouns
Articles
Plural nouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Past tense
Subject-verb agreement
K-2.L.GC.2 Recognize and compose coherent sentences that express complete thoughts.
K-2.L.GC.2 Recognize and compose coherent sentences that express complete thoughts.
K.L.GC.2.a: Recognize that conventional sentences always include a subject and a predicate.
K.L.GC.2.a: Recognize that conventional sentences always include a subject and a predicate.
K.L.GC.2.b: With adult support, use simple sentences to express complete thoughts in written texts.
K.L.GC.2.b: With adult support, use simple sentences to express complete thoughts in written texts.
K.L.GC.2.c: With adult support, use singular and plural subjects with matching verbs.
K.L.GC.2.c: With adult support, use singular and plural subjects with matching verbs.
Students engage in a wide range of written and spoken activities during which they expand and deepen their vocabularies, build word analysis skillsets (morphology), and determine or clarify the meanings of words and phrases.
K-2.L.V.1 Acquire and use general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases in a variety of settings.
K-2.L.V.1 Acquire and use general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases in a variety of settings.
K.L.V.1.a: Acquire and apply general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases through grade-level texts and content.
Color and number words
Adjectives and verbs
Location words
Question words
K.L.V.1.a: Acquire and apply general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases through grade-level texts and content.
Color and number words
Adjectives and verbs
Location words
Question words
K.L.V.1.b: Use grade-level general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases to communicate in a variety of settings.
K.L.V.1.b: Use grade-level general, academic, and specialized vocabulary words and phrases to communicate in a variety of settings.
K-2.L.V.3 Make connections between words and phrases and use reference materials to determine or clarify word meanings in a variety of settings and for a variety of purposes.
K-2.L.V.3 Make connections between words and phrases and use reference materials to determine or clarify word meanings in a variety of settings and for a variety of purposes.
K.L.V.3.a: With adult support, determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases.
K.L.V.3.a: With adult support, determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases.
K.L.V.3.b: Identify and sort common words into basic categories based on similarities and differences.
K.L.V.3.b: Identify and sort common words into basic categories based on similarities and differences.
K.L.V.3.e: Use knowledge of word relationships and learned vocabulary words and phrases when making word choices in speaking and writing.
Multiple-meaning words
Synonyms and antonyms
Categories
K.L.V.3.e: Use knowledge of word relationships and learned vocabulary words and phrases when making word choices in speaking and writing.
Multiple-meaning words
Synonyms and antonyms
Categories
T
Texts
Students explore the relationships and roles of authors, purposes, and audiences of texts.
K-2.T.C.1 Explain how authors of texts use language for a specific purpose and a target audience.
K-2.T.C.1 Explain how authors of texts use language for a specific purpose and a target audience.
K.T.C.1.a: Identify the general purpose (e.g., to tell stories, to provide information, to share opinions) and target audience in a variety of texts.
K.T.C.1.a: Identify the general purpose (e.g., to tell stories, to provide information, to share opinions) and target audience in a variety of texts.
K.T.C.1.b: With adult support, identify different modes of communication print, digital, auditory, and visual.
K.T.C.1.b: With adult support, identify different modes of communication print, digital, auditory, and visual.
K.T.C.1.c: With adult support, create texts in various modes (e.g., print, digital, auditory, and/or visual).
K.T.C.1.c: With adult support, create texts in various modes (e.g., print, digital, auditory, and/or visual).
K-2.T.C.2 Investigate the relationships between authors and speakers in texts.
K-2.T.C.2 Investigate the relationships between authors and speakers in texts.
K.T.C.2.a: Identify the authors and illustrators of picture books and explain their roles.
K.T.C.2.a: Identify the authors and illustrators of picture books and explain their roles.
Students build and apply knowledge about language and organizational structures and elements used to convey and arrange ideas and information in texts
K-2.T.SS.1 Identify and use organizational structures to craft meaning.
K-2.T.SS.1 Identify and use organizational structures to craft meaning.
K.T.SS.1.a: Identify and use text features, including titles, headings, photos, and illustrations, to determine if a text is fiction or nonfiction.
K.T.SS.1.a: Identify and use text features, including titles, headings, photos, and illustrations, to determine if a text is fiction or nonfiction.
K.T.SS.1.b: With adult support, use text features, including titles, illustrations, and/or labels to add clarity/coherence to texts.
K.T.SS.1.b: With adult support, use text features, including titles, illustrations, and/or labels to add clarity/coherence to texts.
K.T.SS.1.c: With adult support, retell events and actions in sequence.
K.T.SS.1.c: With adult support, retell events and actions in sequence.
K-2.T.SS.2 Identify and use descriptive and engaging language.
K-2.T.SS.2 Identify and use descriptive and engaging language.
K.T.SS.2.a: Identify interesting and/or descriptive words that express feelings or appeal to the senses in texts.
K.T.SS.2.a: Identify interesting and/or descriptive words that express feelings or appeal to the senses in texts.
K.T.SS.2.b: With adult support, use interesting and/or descriptive words to craft engaging texts.
K.T.SS.2.b: With adult support, use interesting and/or descriptive words to craft engaging texts.
Students identify and use narrative, expository, opinion, and poetic techniques as they interpret and construct a variety of texts.
K-2.T.T.1 Identify and use narrative techniques to shape understanding.
Read-along literary texts
Read-alone literary texts
K-2.T.T.1 Identify and use narrative techniques to shape understanding.
Read-along literary texts
Read-alone literary texts
K.T.T.1.a: Identify techniques used to craft stories, including characters, setting, and major events.
K.T.T.1.a: Identify techniques used to craft stories, including characters, setting, and major events.
K.T.T.1.c: With adult support, demonstrate an understanding of the central message, lesson, or moral of the story based on the words and actions of the main characters.
K.T.T.1.c: With adult support, demonstrate an understanding of the central message, lesson, or moral of the story based on the words and actions of the main characters.
K.T.T.1.d: With adult support, compare and contrast characters and their experiences in stories across diverse cultures.
K.T.T.1.d: With adult support, compare and contrast characters and their experiences in stories across diverse cultures.
K.T.T.1.e: Use a combination of drawing, labeling, writing, and dictating to create a text with narrative techniques (e.g., characters, setting, events) told in the order in which they occurred.
K.T.T.1.e: Use a combination of drawing, labeling, writing, and dictating to create a text with narrative techniques (e.g., characters, setting, events) told in the order in which they occurred.
K-2.T.T.2 Identify and use expository techniques to shape understanding.
Read-along texts
Read-alone texts
K-2.T.T.2 Identify and use expository techniques to shape understanding.
Read-along texts
Read-alone texts
K.T.T.2.a: Identify techniques used to craft expository texts, including main topic.
K.T.T.2.a: Identify techniques used to craft expository texts, including main topic.
K.T.T.2.b: With adult support, describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text.
K.T.T.2.b: With adult support, describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text.
K.T.T.2.d: Use a combination of drawing, labeling, writing, and dictating to create a text with expository techniques that includes a topic and information about the topic.
K.T.T.2.d: Use a combination of drawing, labeling, writing, and dictating to create a text with expository techniques that includes a topic and information about the topic.
K-2.T.T.3 Identify and use opinion techniques to shape understanding.
K-2.T.T.3 Identify and use opinion techniques to shape understanding.
K.T.T.3.a: Explain the difference between opinions and facts about a topic.
K.T.T.3.a: Explain the difference between opinions and facts about a topic.
K.T.T.3.c: Use a combination of drawing, labeling, writing, and dictating to express an opinion about a topic.
K.T.T.3.c: Use a combination of drawing, labeling, writing, and dictating to express an opinion about a topic.
K-2.T.T.4 Identify and use poetic techniques to shape understanding.
K-2.T.T.4 Identify and use poetic techniques to shape understanding.
K.T.T.4.a: Identify poetic techniques used to craft poetic texts, including rhyme.
K.T.T.4.a: Identify poetic techniques used to craft poetic texts, including rhyme.
K.T.T.4.b: With adult support, use poetic techniques to create poems that may or may not rhyme.
K.T.T.4.b: With adult support, use poetic techniques to create poems that may or may not rhyme.
Students use, discuss, analyze, and curate texts as they engage in various conversations, activities, and projects about a range of grade-level texts and topics.
K-2.RA.1 Conduct research to ask and answer questions that clarify, deepen, and extend understanding of a topic of interest using credible sources and communicating relevant and accurate information.
K-2.RA.1 Conduct research to ask and answer questions that clarify, deepen, and extend understanding of a topic of interest using credible sources and communicating relevant and accurate information.
K.T.RA.1.a: With adult support, ask questions about topics of interest for research.
K.T.RA.1.a: With adult support, ask questions about topics of interest for research.
K.T.RA.1.b: With adult support, collaborate to conduct research on a shared topic of interest by gathering and organizing information from provided sources (including print, digital, and personal communication) using graphic organizers or other support aids.
K.T.RA.1.b: With adult support, collaborate to conduct research on a shared topic of interest by gathering and organizing information from provided sources (including print, digital, and personal communication) using graphic organizers or other support aids.
K.T.RA.1.c: With adult support, share relevant and accurate information through a variety of different modes.
K.T.RA.1.c: With adult support, share relevant and accurate information through a variety of different modes.
K-2.RA.2 Reference parts of texts to address a specific topic or question and explore various sources of information to make connections across a broad range of topics.
K-2.RA.2 Reference parts of texts to address a specific topic or question and explore various sources of information to make connections across a broad range of topics.
K.RA.2.a: With adult support, refer to parts of texts when supporting an idea, answer, or opinion.
K.RA.2.a: With adult support, refer to parts of texts when supporting an idea, answer, or opinion.
K.RA.2.b: With adult support, explore various sources of information, including print, digital, and personal communication.
K.RA.2.b: With adult support, explore various sources of information, including print, digital, and personal communication.