9-12.L.1.a: Use parallel structure.

9-12.L.1.b: Use various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations.

9-12.L.1.c: Apply the understanding that usage is a matter of convention, can change over time, and is sometimes contestable.

9-12.L.1.d: Resolve issues of complex or contested usage, consulting references as needed.

9-12.L.2.a: Use a semicolon (and perhaps a conjunctive adverb) to link two or more closely related independent clauses.

9-12.L.2.b: Use a colon to introduce a list or quotation.

9-12.L.2.c: Observe hyphenation conventions.

9-12.L.2.d: Spell correctly.

9-12.L.3.a: Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual appropriate for the discipline and writing task.

9-12.L.3.b: Vary syntax for effect, consulting references for guidance as needed; apply an understanding of syntax to the study of complex texts when reading.

9-12.L.4.a: Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

9-12.L.4.b: Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., conceive, conception, conceivable).

9-12.L.4.c: Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, its etymology, or its usage.

9-12.L.4.d: Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

9-12.L.5.a: Interpret figures of speech (e.g., euphemism, oxymoron, hyperbole, paradox) in context and analyze their role in the text.

9-12.L.5.b: Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.

9-12.L.6.a: Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.

9-12.R.4.a: Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of various texts in ways that demonstrate what the text(s) says explicitly and implicitly, including attending to moments of textual inconsistency or ambiguity.

9-12.R.5.a: Provide accurate summaries of various texts that make clear the relationships among the key details and ideas.

9-12.R.5.b: Determine the theme(s) or central idea(s) of various texts and analyze the development of the theme(s) or central idea(s) over the course of the texts, including how elements interact and build on one another, to provide a complex account or analysis.

9-12.R.6.a: Analyze the impact of an author's choices and determine how specific individual/characters, elements, and/or techniques, events, or ideas interact and develop over the course of the text (or a series of texts).

9-12.R.7.a: Determine the meaning of figurative, connotative, and technical word meanings and phrases as they are used in various contexts and texts; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including words with multiple meanings and/or language that is particularly evocative.

9-12.R.8.a: Analyze the organization and structure of specific features and components in various texts.

9-12.R.8.b: Evaluate the effectiveness of text structures in conveying the overall meaning and/or purpose of the text as a whole.

9-12.R.9.a: Analyze and evaluate how authors from various contexts (e.g., diverse, intersectional, multicultural, religious) use perspective and purpose to shape the intended content, style, and effect of various texts.

9-12.R.10.a: Evaluate the effectiveness of how authors use literary and/or rhetorical strategies to develop arguments in various texts.

9-12.R.10.b: Evaluate the premises, claims, and/or conclusions in various texts, verifying the information when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information.

9-12.R.11.a: Evaluate and synthesize multiple sources of information and various texts (e.g., literary, visual, artistic, and quantitative) in order to achieve a specific purpose or to answer a question.

9-12.R.11.b: Analyze how various authors or texts address similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge or to compare the approaches the authors take.

9-12.R.11.c: Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of an idea or event, noting discrepancies among perspectives.

9-12.R.12.a: Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.

9-12.R.12.b: Read various on-level texts with purpose and understanding.

9-12.R.12.c: Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition.

9-12.W.1.a: Investigate self-generated questions by participating in sustained inquiry that builds increasingly complex knowledge or that solves a problem, refocusing inquiry and/or incorporating effective advanced searches as needed.

9-12.W.1.b: Assess the credibility, accuracy, and usefulness of a variety of authoritative sources in order to synthesize relevant information that leads to logical, increasingly complex conclusions.

9-12.W.1.c: Take organized notes that purposefully quote, summarize, and/or paraphrase a variety of sources while avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source.

9-12.W.1.d: Follow a standard format for citation (in-text and a list of sources) that applies to task, audience, and purpose.

9-12.W.2.a: Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, composing, revising, editing, rewriting, reflecting, and/or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.