Missouri Learning Standards: Grade 12
Skills available for Missouri twelfth-grade language arts standards
Section
Print skill plan
11-12.RL
Reading Literary Text
11-12.RL.1 Comprehend and Interpret Texts (Approaching Texts as a Reader)
11-12.RL.1.A Draw conclusions, infer and analyze by citing relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including where the text leaves matters uncertain.
Text evidence
Text evidence in literary passages
11-12.RL.1.A Draw conclusions, infer and analyze by citing relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including where the text leaves matters uncertain.
Text evidence
Text evidence in literary passages
11-12.RL.1.B Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings using context, affixes, or reference materials.
Tone
Figurative language
Prefixes and suffixes
Foreign words and expressions
Connotation and denotation
Vocabulary in context
11-12.RL.1.B Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings using context, affixes, or reference materials.
Tone
Figurative language
Prefixes and suffixes
Foreign words and expressions
Connotation and denotation
Vocabulary in context
11-12.RL.1.C Interpret visual elements of a text and draw conclusions from them (when applicable).
11-12.RL.1.C Interpret visual elements of a text and draw conclusions from them (when applicable).
11-12.RL.1.D Using appropriate text, determine two or more themes in a text, analyze their development throughout the text, and relate the themes to human nature and the world; provide an objective and concise summary of the text.
11-12.RL.1.D Using appropriate text, determine two or more themes in a text, analyze their development throughout the text, and relate the themes to human nature and the world; provide an objective and concise summary of the text.
11-12.RL.2 Analyze Craft and Structure (Approaching Texts as a Writer)
11-12.RL.2.A Evaluate how an author's choices to structure specific parts of a text contribute to a text's overall meaning and its aesthetic impact.
11-12.RL.2.A Evaluate how an author's choices to structure specific parts of a text contribute to a text's overall meaning and its aesthetic impact.
11-12.RL.2.B Analyze a case in which recognizing point of view requires distinguishing what is directly stated in a text from what is implied.
11-12.RL.2.B Analyze a case in which recognizing point of view requires distinguishing what is directly stated in a text from what is implied.
11-12.RL.2.C Evaluate how the author's word choices and use of syntax contribute to a text's overall meaning, tone and aesthetic impact.
11-12.RL.2.C Evaluate how the author's word choices and use of syntax contribute to a text's overall meaning, tone and aesthetic impact.
11-12.RL.2.D Evaluate the impact of the author's choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of a text.
11-12.RL.2.D Evaluate the impact of the author's choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of a text.
11-12.RL.3 Synthesize Ideas from Multiple Texts (Approaching Texts as a Researcher)
11-12.RL.3.A Analyze the representation of a subject in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment.
11-12.RL.3.A Analyze the representation of a subject in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment.
11-12.RL.3.B Synthesize ideas from two or more texts about similar themes or topics to articulate the complexity of the theme.
11-12.RL.3.B Synthesize ideas from two or more texts about similar themes or topics to articulate the complexity of the theme.
11-12.RL.3.C Evaluate how an author's work reflects his or her historical/cultural perspective.
11-12.RL.3.C Evaluate how an author's work reflects his or her historical/cultural perspective.
11-12.RL.3.D Read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas and poems, independently and proficiently.
11-12.RL.3.D Read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas and poems, independently and proficiently.
11-12.RI
Reading Informational Text
11-12.RI.1 Comprehend and Interpret Texts (Approaching Texts as a Reader)
11-12.RI.1.A Draw conclusions, infer and analyze by citing relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including where the text leaves matters uncertain.
Text evidence
Arguments
Text evidence in nonfiction passages
11-12.RI.1.A Draw conclusions, infer and analyze by citing relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including where the text leaves matters uncertain.
Text evidence
Arguments
Text evidence in nonfiction passages
11-12.RI.1.B Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative, connotative, and content-specific meanings using context, affixes, or reference materials.
Tone
Figurative language
Prefixes and suffixes
Foreign words and expressions
Connotation and denotation
Vocabulary in context
11-12.RI.1.B Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative, connotative, and content-specific meanings using context, affixes, or reference materials.
Tone
Figurative language
Prefixes and suffixes
Foreign words and expressions
Connotation and denotation
Vocabulary in context
11-12.RI.1.C Interpret visual elements of a text including those from different media and draw conclusions from them (when applicable).
11-12.RI.1.C Interpret visual elements of a text including those from different media and draw conclusions from them (when applicable).
11-12.RI.1.D Explain two or more central/main ideas in a text, analyze their development throughout the text, and relate the central ideas to human nature and the world; provide an objective and concise summary of the text.
Central idea
Supporting evidence
Text development
11-12.RI.1.D Explain two or more central/main ideas in a text, analyze their development throughout the text, and relate the central ideas to human nature and the world; provide an objective and concise summary of the text.
Central idea
Supporting evidence
Text development
11-12.RI.2 Analyze Craft and Structure (Approaching Texts as a Writer)
11-12.RI.2.A Evaluate how an author's choices to structure specific parts of a text contribute to a text's overall meaning and its aesthetic impact.
Text development
Argument development
Analyze structure and development in nonfiction passages
11-12.RI.2.A Evaluate how an author's choices to structure specific parts of a text contribute to a text's overall meaning and its aesthetic impact.
Text development
Argument development
Analyze structure and development in nonfiction passages
11-12.RI.2.B Analyze a text in which the author's point of view is not obvious and requires distinguishing what is directly stated from what is implied.
Audience and purpose
Tone
Arguments
Rhetorical strategies in nonfiction texts
Persuasive strategies
11-12.RI.2.B Analyze a text in which the author's point of view is not obvious and requires distinguishing what is directly stated from what is implied.
Audience and purpose
Tone
Arguments
Rhetorical strategies in nonfiction texts
Persuasive strategies
11-12.RI.2.C Evaluate how the author's word choice and use of syntax contribute to a text's overall meaning and tone.
11-12.RI.2.C Evaluate how the author's word choice and use of syntax contribute to a text's overall meaning and tone.
11-12.RI.2.D Evaluate an author's argument and reasoning for effectiveness, validity, logic, credibility and relevance of the evidence.
Trace an argument
Evidence
11-12.RI.2.D Evaluate an author's argument and reasoning for effectiveness, validity, logic, credibility and relevance of the evidence.
Trace an argument
Evidence
11-12.RI.3 Synthesize Ideas from Multiple Texts (Approaching Texts as a Researcher)
11-12.RI.3.A Analyze the representation of a subject in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment.
11-12.RI.3.A Analyze the representation of a subject in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment.
11-12.RI.3.B Synthesize information from two or more texts about similar ideas/topics to articulate the complexity of the issue.
11-12.RI.3.B Synthesize information from two or more texts about similar ideas/topics to articulate the complexity of the issue.
11-12.RI.3.C Evaluate how an author's work reflects his or her historical/cultural perspective.
11-12.RI.3.C Evaluate how an author's work reflects his or her historical/cultural perspective.
11-12.RI.3.D Read and comprehend informational text independently and proficiently.
11-12.RI.3.D Read and comprehend informational text independently and proficiently.
11-12.W
Writing
11-12.W.1 Approaching the Task as a Researcher
11-12.W.1.A Conduct research to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; gather multiple relevant, credible sources, print and digital; integrate information using a standard citation system.
11-12.W.1.A Conduct research to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; gather multiple relevant, credible sources, print and digital; integrate information using a standard citation system.
11-12.W.1.B Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation.
Analyze sources
Supporting evidence
Plagiarism
Citations
11-12.W.1.B Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation.
Analyze sources
Supporting evidence
Plagiarism
Citations
11-12.W.2 Approaching the Task as a Writer
11-12.W.2.A Follow a writing process to produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, style, and voice are appropriate to the task, purpose and audience; self-select and blend (when appropriate) previously learned narrative, expository, and argumentative writing techniques.
Audience and purpose
Organization
Development and support
11-12.W.2.A Follow a writing process to produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, style, and voice are appropriate to the task, purpose and audience; self-select and blend (when appropriate) previously learned narrative, expository, and argumentative writing techniques.
Audience and purpose
Organization
Development and support
11-12.W.3 Approaching the Task as a Reader
11-12.W.3.A Review, revise, and edit writing with consideration for the task, purpose, and audience.
11-12.W.3.A Review, revise, and edit writing with consideration for the task, purpose, and audience.
11-12.W.3.A.a: Organization and Content: Introduce the topic, maintain a clear focus throughout the text, and provide a conclusion that follows from the text. Achieve the writer's purpose and enhance the reader's understanding of and experience with the text by making choices regarding organization and content.
Audience and purpose
Organize writing
Topic sentences and thesis statements
Evidence
11-12.W.3.A.a: Organization and Content: Introduce the topic, maintain a clear focus throughout the text, and provide a conclusion that follows from the text. Achieve the writer's purpose and enhance the reader's understanding of and experience with the text by making choices regarding organization and content.
Audience and purpose
Organize writing
Topic sentences and thesis statements
Evidence
11-12.W.3.A.b: Word choice, syntax, and style: Choose precise language and make syntactical choices to reflect an understanding of how language functions in different contexts and enhance the reader's understanding of the text.
Tone
Persuasive strategies
Write concisely
Revision
Foreign words and expressions
Word choice
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Clauses
Misplaced modifiers
11-12.W.3.A.b: Word choice, syntax, and style: Choose precise language and make syntactical choices to reflect an understanding of how language functions in different contexts and enhance the reader's understanding of the text.
Tone
Persuasive strategies
Write concisely
Revision
Foreign words and expressions
Word choice
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Clauses
Misplaced modifiers
11-12.W.3.A.c: Conventions of standard English and usage: Demonstrate a command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage including spelling and punctuation.
Frequently confused words
Revision
Homophones
Word usage and nuance
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Pronouns
Subject-verb agreement
Verb tense
Adjectives and adverbs
Restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
Commas
Semicolons, colons, and commas
Dashes, hyphens, and ellipses
Apostrophes
Capitalization
Formatting
11-12.W.3.A.c: Conventions of standard English and usage: Demonstrate a command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage including spelling and punctuation.
Frequently confused words
Revision
Homophones
Word usage and nuance
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Pronouns
Subject-verb agreement
Verb tense
Adjectives and adverbs
Restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
Commas
Semicolons, colons, and commas
Dashes, hyphens, and ellipses
Apostrophes
Capitalization
Formatting
11-12.W.3.A.d: Use a variety of appropriate transitions to clarify relationships and connect ideas, claims and signal time shifts.
11-12.W.3.A.d: Use a variety of appropriate transitions to clarify relationships and connect ideas, claims and signal time shifts.
11-12.W.3.A.e: Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information.
11-12.W.3.A.e: Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information.