Missouri Learning Standards: Grade 4
Skills available for Missouri fourth-grade language arts standards
Section
Print skill plan
4.R
Reading
4.R.1 Develop and apply skills to the reading process.
4.R.1.A Develop and demonstrate reading skills in response to text by:
4.R.1.A Develop and demonstrate reading skills in response to text by:
4.R.1.A.a: drawing conclusions, inferring by referencing textual evidence of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text
Main idea
Theme
Text structure
Inference
Story elements
Reading comprehension
Supporting details
4.R.1.A.a: drawing conclusions, inferring by referencing textual evidence of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text
Main idea
Theme
Text structure
Inference
Story elements
Reading comprehension
Supporting details
4.R.1.A.b: drawing conclusions by providing textual evidence of what the text says explicitly
Main idea
Text structure
Story elements
Reading comprehension
Supporting details
4.R.1.A.b: drawing conclusions by providing textual evidence of what the text says explicitly
Main idea
Text structure
Story elements
Reading comprehension
Supporting details
4.R.1.A.c: monitoring comprehension and making corrections and adjustments when understanding breaks down
4.R.1.A.c: monitoring comprehension and making corrections and adjustments when understanding breaks down
4.R.1.B Develop an understanding of vocabulary by:
4.R.1.B Develop an understanding of vocabulary by:
4.R.1.B.a: determining the meaning of academic English words derived from Latin, Greek, or other linguistic root words and their prefixes and suffixes
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Roots and affixes
4.R.1.B.a: determining the meaning of academic English words derived from Latin, Greek, or other linguistic root words and their prefixes and suffixes
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Roots and affixes
4.R.1.B.b: using the context of the sentence to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words or multiple-meaning words
Vocabulary in context
Multiple-meaning words
Idioms
Figurative language
4.R.1.B.b: using the context of the sentence to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words or multiple-meaning words
Vocabulary in context
Multiple-meaning words
Idioms
Figurative language
4.R.1.B.c: completing analogies
4.R.1.B.c: completing analogies
4.R.1.B.d: identifying the meaning of common idioms and figurative language
Figurative language
Idioms and adages
4.R.1.B.d: identifying the meaning of common idioms and figurative language
Figurative language
Idioms and adages
4.R.1.B.e: using a dictionary or glossary to determine the meanings, syllabication, and pronunciation or unknown words
Reference skills
Dictionary skills
Thesaurus skills
4.R.1.B.e: using a dictionary or glossary to determine the meanings, syllabication, and pronunciation or unknown words
Reference skills
Dictionary skills
Thesaurus skills
4.R.1.B.f: using conversational, general academic, and domain-specific words and phrases
Vocabulary in context
Academic vocabulary
Domain-specific vocabulary
Descriptive details
Shades of meaning
4.R.1.B.f: using conversational, general academic, and domain-specific words and phrases
Vocabulary in context
Academic vocabulary
Domain-specific vocabulary
Descriptive details
Shades of meaning
4.R.1.C Explain relevant connections between:
4.R.1.C Explain relevant connections between:
4.R.1.C.a: text to text (ideas and information in various fiction and nonfiction works, using compare and contrast)
4.R.1.C.a: text to text (ideas and information in various fiction and nonfiction works, using compare and contrast)
4.R.1.C.b: text to world (text ideas regarding experiences in the world by demonstrating an awareness that literature reflects a cultural and historical time frame)
4.R.1.C.b: text to world (text ideas regarding experiences in the world by demonstrating an awareness that literature reflects a cultural and historical time frame)
4.R.1.D Read independently for multiple purposes over sustained periods of time by:
4.R.1.D Read independently for multiple purposes over sustained periods of time by:
4.R.1.D.a: reading text that is developmentally appropriate
4.R.1.D.a: reading text that is developmentally appropriate
4.R.1.D.b: producing evidence of reading
4.R.1.D.b: producing evidence of reading
4.R.2 Develop and apply skills and strategies to comprehend, analyze and evaluate fiction, poetry and drama from a variety of cultures and times.
4.R.2.A Read, infer, analyze, and draw conclusions to:
4.R.2.A Read, infer, analyze, and draw conclusions to:
4.R.2.A.a: summarize and sequence the events/plot, and explain how past events impact future events, and identify the theme
Theme
Summary
4.R.2.A.a: summarize and sequence the events/plot, and explain how past events impact future events, and identify the theme
Theme
Summary
4.R.2.A.b: describe the personality traits of characters from the thoughts, words, and actions
Point of view
Inference
4.R.2.A.b: describe the personality traits of characters from the thoughts, words, and actions
Point of view
Inference
4.R.2.A.c: describe the interaction of characters, including relationships and how they change
4.R.2.A.c: describe the interaction of characters, including relationships and how they change
4.R.2.A.d: compare and contrast the adventures or exploits of characters and their roles
4.R.2.A.d: compare and contrast the adventures or exploits of characters and their roles
4.R.2.A.e: compare and contrast the point of view from which stories are narrated, explain whether the narrator or speaker of a story is first or third person
4.R.2.A.e: compare and contrast the point of view from which stories are narrated, explain whether the narrator or speaker of a story is first or third person
4.R.2.B Read, infer and draw conclusions to:
4.R.2.B Read, infer and draw conclusions to:
4.R.2.B.a: explain structural elements of poetry
4.R.2.B.a: explain structural elements of poetry
4.R.2.C Read, infer and draw conclusions to:
4.R.2.C Read, infer and draw conclusions to:
4.R.2.C.a: analyze how characters change from the beginning to the end of a play or film
4.R.2.C.a: analyze how characters change from the beginning to the end of a play or film
4.R.2.C.b: explain structural elements of dramatic literature
4.R.2.C.b: explain structural elements of dramatic literature
4.R.3 Develop and apply skills and strategies to comprehend, analyze and evaluate nonfiction (e.g., narrative, information/explanatory, opinion, persuasive, argumentative) from a variety of cultures and times.
4.R.3.A Read, infer and draw conclusions to:
4.R.3.A Read, infer and draw conclusions to:
4.R.3.A.a: use multiple text features to locate information and gain an overview of the contents of text
4.R.3.A.a: use multiple text features to locate information and gain an overview of the contents of text
4.R.3.A.b: describe the sequence of events, ideas, concepts, or steps needed to carry out a procedure
4.R.3.A.b: describe the sequence of events, ideas, concepts, or steps needed to carry out a procedure
4.R.3.A.c: interpret and explain factual information presented graphically
4.R.3.A.c: interpret and explain factual information presented graphically
4.R.3.B Read, infer and draw conclusions to:
4.R.3.B Read, infer and draw conclusions to:
4.R.3.B.a: explain similarities and differences between the events and characters' experiences in a fictional work and the actual events and experiences described in an author's biography or autobiography
4.R.3.B.a: explain similarities and differences between the events and characters' experiences in a fictional work and the actual events and experiences described in an author's biography or autobiography
4.R.3.B.b: analyze, make inferences, and draw conclusions about persuasive text; use evidence from the text to explain the author's purpose; and support the analysis
4.R.3.B.b: analyze, make inferences, and draw conclusions about persuasive text; use evidence from the text to explain the author's purpose; and support the analysis
4.R.3.B.c: explain how an author uses language to present information to influence what the reader thinks or does
4.R.3.B.c: explain how an author uses language to present information to influence what the reader thinks or does
4.R.3.C Read, infer and draw conclusions to:
4.R.3.C Read, infer and draw conclusions to:
4.R.3.C.a: distinguish fact from opinion in a text and explain how to verify what is a fact
4.R.3.C.a: distinguish fact from opinion in a text and explain how to verify what is a fact
4.R.3.C.b: explain explicit and implicit relationships among ideas in texts
4.R.3.C.b: explain explicit and implicit relationships among ideas in texts
4.R.3.C.c: explain author's purpose
4.R.3.C.c: explain author's purpose
4.R.3.C.d: compare and contrast a firsthand and secondhand account of the same event or topic
4.R.3.C.d: compare and contrast a firsthand and secondhand account of the same event or topic
4.R.4 Comprehend and analyze words, images, graphics, and sounds in various media and digital forms to impact meaning.
4.R.4.A Read to develop an understanding of media and its components by:
4.R.4.A Read to develop an understanding of media and its components by:
4.R.4.A.a: explaining the positive and negative impacts of advertisement techniques used in various genres of media to impact consumer behavior
4.R.4.A.a: explaining the positive and negative impacts of advertisement techniques used in various genres of media to impact consumer behavior
4.R.4.A.b: explaining how various design techniques used in media influence the message
4.R.4.A.b: explaining how various design techniques used in media influence the message
4.R.4.A.c: comparing various written conventions used for digital media
4.R.4.A.c: comparing various written conventions used for digital media
4.R.4.A.d: explaining text structures and graphics features of a web page and how they help readers to comprehend text
4.R.4.A.d: explaining text structures and graphics features of a web page and how they help readers to comprehend text
4.RF
Reading Foundations
4.RF.3 Understand how English is written and read.
4.RF.3.A Develop phonics in the reading process by:
4.RF.3.A Develop phonics in the reading process by:
4.RF.3.A.a: decoding words using knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology to read unfamiliar multi-syllabic words in context
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Word patterns
Compound words
Multisyllabic words
4.RF.3.A.a: decoding words using knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology to read unfamiliar multi-syllabic words in context
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Word patterns
Compound words
Multisyllabic words
4.RF.3.A.b: reading root words, prefixes, and suffixes and important words from specific content curricula
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Domain-specific vocabulary
4.RF.3.A.b: reading root words, prefixes, and suffixes and important words from specific content curricula
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Domain-specific vocabulary
4.RF.4.A Read appropriate texts with fluency (rate, accuracy, expression, appropriate phrasing) with purpose and for comprehension
4.RF.4.A Read appropriate texts with fluency (rate, accuracy, expression, appropriate phrasing) with purpose and for comprehension
4.RF.4.A.a: use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary
Vocabulary in context
Multiple-meaning words
Idioms
4.RF.4.A.a: use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary
Vocabulary in context
Multiple-meaning words
Idioms
4.W
Writing
4.W.1 Apply a writing process to develop a text for audience and purpose
4.W.1.A Follow a writing process to plan a first draft by:
4.W.1.A Follow a writing process to plan a first draft by:
4.W.1.A.a: selecting a genre appropriate for conveying the purpose to an intended audience
4.W.1.A.a: selecting a genre appropriate for conveying the purpose to an intended audience
4.W.1.A.b: formulating questions related to the topic
4.W.1.A.b: formulating questions related to the topic
4.W.1.A.c: accessing prior knowledge or building background knowledge related to the topic
4.W.1.A.c: accessing prior knowledge or building background knowledge related to the topic
4.W.1.A.d: using a pre-writing strategy
4.W.1.A.d: using a pre-writing strategy
4.W.1.B Appropriate to genre type, develop a draft from prewriting by:
4.W.1.B Appropriate to genre type, develop a draft from prewriting by:
4.W.1.B.a: generating a main idea to support a multiple paragraph text, using a variety of sentence types, including compound
Main idea
Sentence variety
4.W.1.B.a: generating a main idea to support a multiple paragraph text, using a variety of sentence types, including compound
Main idea
Sentence variety
4.W.1.B.b: establishing and supporting a main idea with an overall topic sentence at, or near, the beginning of the first paragraph
4.W.1.B.b: establishing and supporting a main idea with an overall topic sentence at, or near, the beginning of the first paragraph
4.W.1.B.c: categorizing, organizing, and sequencing facts, details, and/or events into a text (from sources when appropriate) into clear introductory, supporting, and concluding paragraphs
Organization
Transitions
Supporting details
4.W.1.B.c: categorizing, organizing, and sequencing facts, details, and/or events into a text (from sources when appropriate) into clear introductory, supporting, and concluding paragraphs
Organization
Transitions
Supporting details
4.W.1.B.d: addressing an appropriate audience
4.W.1.B.d: addressing an appropriate audience
4.W.1.C Reread, revise and edit drafts with assistance to:
4.W.1.C Reread, revise and edit drafts with assistance to:
4.W.1.C.a: develop and strengthen writing by revising
4.W.1.C.a: develop and strengthen writing by revising
4.W.1.C.a.1: main idea
4.W.1.C.a.1: main idea
4.W.1.C.a.2: sequence (ideas)
4.W.1.C.a.2: sequence (ideas)
4.W.1.C.a.3: focus
4.W.1.C.a.3: focus
4.W.1.C.a.4: beginning/middle/end
4.W.1.C.a.4: beginning/middle/end
4.W.1.C.a.5: details/facts (from multiple sources, when appropriate)
4.W.1.C.a.5: details/facts (from multiple sources, when appropriate)
4.W.1.C.a.6: word choice (related to the topic)
Synonyms and antonyms
Shades of meaning
Domain-specific vocabulary
4.W.1.C.a.6: word choice (related to the topic)
Synonyms and antonyms
Shades of meaning
Domain-specific vocabulary
4.W.1.C.a.7: sentence structure
Conjunctions
Sentence variety
Sentence structure
4.W.1.C.a.7: sentence structure
Conjunctions
Sentence variety
Sentence structure
4.W.1.C.a.8: transitions
4.W.1.C.a.8: transitions
4.W.1.C.a.9: audience and purpose
4.W.1.C.a.9: audience and purpose
4.W.1.C.a.10: voice
4.W.1.C.a.10: voice
4.W.1.C.b: edit for language conventions
Revision
Homophones
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Nouns
Subject-verb agreement
Adjectives and adverbs
Contractions
Commas
Capitalization
Dialogue
4.W.1.C.b: edit for language conventions
Revision
Homophones
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Nouns
Subject-verb agreement
Adjectives and adverbs
Contractions
Commas
Capitalization
Dialogue
4.W.1.D With assistance from adults/peers:
4.W.1.D With assistance from adults/peers:
4.W.1.D.a: use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing
4.W.1.D.a: use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing
4.W.1.D.b: demonstrate sufficient command of keyboarding skills to type a minimum of one page, ideally in a single sitting
4.W.1.D.b: demonstrate sufficient command of keyboarding skills to type a minimum of one page, ideally in a single sitting
4.W.2 Compose well-developed writing texts for audience and purpose.
4.W.2.A Write opinion texts that:
4.W.2.A Write opinion texts that:
4.W.2.A.a: introduce a topic or text being studied using an introductory paragraph
4.W.2.A.a: introduce a topic or text being studied using an introductory paragraph
4.W.2.A.b: state an opinion or establish a position and provide reasons for the opinion/position, supported by facts and details
4.W.2.A.b: state an opinion or establish a position and provide reasons for the opinion/position, supported by facts and details
4.W.2.A.c: use specific and accurate words that are related to the topic, audience and purpose
Author's purpose
Topic
Shades of meaning
4.W.2.A.c: use specific and accurate words that are related to the topic, audience and purpose
Author's purpose
Topic
Shades of meaning
4.W.2.A.d: contain information using student's original language, except when using direct quotation from a source
4.W.2.A.d: contain information using student's original language, except when using direct quotation from a source
4.W.2.A.e: reference the name of the author(s) or name of the source used for details or facts included in the text
4.W.2.A.e: reference the name of the author(s) or name of the source used for details or facts included in the text
4.W.2.A.f: use transitions to connect opinion and reason
4.W.2.A.f: use transitions to connect opinion and reason
4.W.2.A.g: organize the supporting details/reasons into introductory, supporting, and concluding paragraphs
4.W.2.A.g: organize the supporting details/reasons into introductory, supporting, and concluding paragraphs
4.W.2.B Write informative/ explanatory texts that:
4.W.2.B Write informative/ explanatory texts that:
4.W.2.B.a: introduce a topic using a topic sentence in an introductory paragraph
4.W.2.B.a: introduce a topic using a topic sentence in an introductory paragraph
4.W.2.B.b: develop the topic into supporting paragraphs from sources, using topic sentences with facts, details, examples, and quotations
4.W.2.B.b: develop the topic into supporting paragraphs from sources, using topic sentences with facts, details, examples, and quotations
4.W.2.B.c: use specific, relevant and accurate words that are suited to the topic, audience, and purpose
Shades of meaning
Domain-specific vocabulary
4.W.2.B.c: use specific, relevant and accurate words that are suited to the topic, audience, and purpose
Shades of meaning
Domain-specific vocabulary
4.W.2.B.d: contain information using student's original language, except when using direct quotations from a source
4.W.2.B.d: contain information using student's original language, except when using direct quotations from a source
4.W.2.B.e: use transitions to connect categories of information
4.W.2.B.e: use transitions to connect categories of information
4.W.2.B.f: use text structures when useful
4.W.2.B.f: use text structures when useful
4.W.2.B.g: create a concluding paragraph related to the information
4.W.2.B.g: create a concluding paragraph related to the information
4.W.2.C Write fiction or nonfiction narratives and poems that:
4.W.2.C Write fiction or nonfiction narratives and poems that:
4.W.2.C.a: establish a setting, situation/topic and introduce a narrator and/or characters
4.W.2.C.a: establish a setting, situation/topic and introduce a narrator and/or characters
4.W.2.C.b: use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, motivation and descriptions
4.W.2.C.b: use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, motivation and descriptions
4.W.2.C.c: organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally to establish a beginning/middle/end
4.W.2.C.c: organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally to establish a beginning/middle/end
4.W.2.C.d: use a variety of transitions to manage the sequence of events
4.W.2.C.d: use a variety of transitions to manage the sequence of events
4.W.2.C.e: use specific, relevant and accurate words that are suited to the topic, audience, and purpose
Shades of meaning
Sensory details
4.W.2.C.e: use specific, relevant and accurate words that are suited to the topic, audience, and purpose
Shades of meaning
Sensory details
4.W.3 Gather, analyze, evaluate and use information from a variety of sources.
4.W.3.A Apply research process to:
4.W.3.A Apply research process to:
4.W.3.A.a: generate a list of subject appropriate topics
4.W.3.A.a: generate a list of subject appropriate topics
4.W.3.A.b: create a research question to address relevant to a chosen topic
4.W.3.A.b: create a research question to address relevant to a chosen topic
4.W.3.A.c: identify a variety of relevant sources, literary and informational
4.W.3.A.c: identify a variety of relevant sources, literary and informational
4.W.3.A.d: use organizational features of print and digital sources efficiently to locate information
4.W.3.A.d: use organizational features of print and digital sources efficiently to locate information
4.W.3.A.e: convert graphic/visual data into written notes
4.W.3.A.e: convert graphic/visual data into written notes
4.W.3.A.f: determine the accuracy of the information gathered
4.W.3.A.f: determine the accuracy of the information gathered
4.W.3.A.g: differentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using ideas of others
4.W.3.A.g: differentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using ideas of others
4.W.3.A.h: record bibliographic information from sources according to a standard format
4.W.3.A.h: record bibliographic information from sources according to a standard format
4.W.3.A.i: present and evaluate how completely, accurately, and efficiently the research question was explored or answered using previously established teacher/student criteria
4.W.3.A.i: present and evaluate how completely, accurately, and efficiently the research question was explored or answered using previously established teacher/student criteria
4.L
Language
4.L.1 Communicate using conventions of English language.
4.L.1.A In speech and written form, apply standard English grammar to:
4.L.1.A In speech and written form, apply standard English grammar to:
4.L.1.A.a: use the "be" helping verbs with "ing" verbs
Verb types
Verb tense
4.L.1.A.a: use the "be" helping verbs with "ing" verbs
Verb types
Verb tense
4.L.1.A.b: use and order adjectives within sentences to conventional patterns
4.L.1.A.b: use and order adjectives within sentences to conventional patterns
4.L.1.A.c: use progressive verbs to show past, present, and future
4.L.1.A.c: use progressive verbs to show past, present, and future
4.L.1.A.d: use adverbs in writing
4.L.1.A.d: use adverbs in writing
4.L.1.A.e: use subject/verb agreement with 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person pronouns
4.L.1.A.e: use subject/verb agreement with 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person pronouns
4.L.1.A.f: use prepositions correctly in a sentence
4.L.1.A.f: use prepositions correctly in a sentence
4.L.1.A.g: recognize the difference between and use coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions
Conjunctions
4.L.1.A.g: recognize the difference between and use coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions
Conjunctions
4.L.1.A.h: produce and expand the complete simple and compound four types of sentences
Sentence variety
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Sentence structure
Subjects and predicates
4.L.1.A.h: produce and expand the complete simple and compound four types of sentences
Sentence variety
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Sentence structure
Subjects and predicates
4.L.1.A.i: correct sentence fragments and runon sentences in writing
4.L.1.A.i: correct sentence fragments and runon sentences in writing
4.L.1.B In written text:
4.L.1.B In written text:
4.L.1.B.a: write legibly
4.L.1.B.a: write legibly
4.L.1.B.b: punctuate a dialogue between two or more characters
4.L.1.B.b: punctuate a dialogue between two or more characters
4.L.1.B.c: insert a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence
4.L.1.B.c: insert a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence
4.L.1.B.d: capitalize proper adjectives
4.L.1.B.d: capitalize proper adjectives
4.L.1.B.e: use correct capitalization
4.L.1.B.e: use correct capitalization
4.L.1.B.f: spell words with suffixes by dropping or leaving the final 'e'
4.L.1.B.f: spell words with suffixes by dropping or leaving the final 'e'
4.L.1.B.g: spell words ending in the long 'e' sound
4.L.1.B.g: spell words ending in the long 'e' sound
4.L.1.B.h: alphabetize reference sources
4.L.1.B.h: alphabetize reference sources
4.L.1.B.i: use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (roots, affixes) to read and spell accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Compound words
Nouns
Verb tense
Adjectives
Contractions
4.L.1.B.i: use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (roots, affixes) to read and spell accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Compound words
Nouns
Verb tense
Adjectives
Contractions