Missouri Learning Standards: Grade 9
Skills available for Missouri ninth-grade language arts standards
Section
Print skill plan
9-10.RL
Reading Literary Text
9-10.RL.1 Comprehend and Interpret Texts (Approaching Texts as a Reader)
9-10.RL.1.A Draw conclusions, infer and analyze by citing relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Text evidence
Text evidence in literary passages
9-10.RL.1.A Draw conclusions, infer and analyze by citing relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Text evidence
Text evidence in literary passages
9-10.RL.1.B Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings using context, affixes, or reference materials.
Tone
Figurative language
Prefixes
Suffixes
Foreign words and expressions
Connotation and denotation
Vocabulary in context
Reference skills
9-10.RL.1.B Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings using context, affixes, or reference materials.
Tone
Figurative language
Prefixes
Suffixes
Foreign words and expressions
Connotation and denotation
Vocabulary in context
Reference skills
9-10.RL.1.C Interpret visual elements of a text and draw conclusions from them (when applicable).
9-10.RL.1.C Interpret visual elements of a text and draw conclusions from them (when applicable).
9-10.RL.1.D Using appropriate text, determine two or more themes in a text, analyze their development throughout the text, and relate the themes to life experiences; provide an objective and concise summary of the text.
9-10.RL.1.D Using appropriate text, determine two or more themes in a text, analyze their development throughout the text, and relate the themes to life experiences; provide an objective and concise summary of the text.
9-10.RL.2 Analyze Craft and Structure (Approaching Texts as a Writer)
9-10.RL.2.A Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text, order events, or manipulate time impact the reader.
9-10.RL.2.A Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text, order events, or manipulate time impact the reader.
9-10.RL.2.B Analyze how points of view is reflected in the characters, setting, and plot.
9-10.RL.2.B Analyze how points of view is reflected in the characters, setting, and plot.
9-10.RL.2.C Analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices and syntax on meaning and tone.
9-10.RL.2.C Analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices and syntax on meaning and tone.
9-10.RL.2.D Analyze how complex characters develop over the course of a text to advance the plot and develop the theme.
9-10.RL.2.D Analyze how complex characters develop over the course of a text to advance the plot and develop the theme.
9-10.RL.3 Synthesize Ideas from Multiple Texts (Approaching Texts as a Researcher)
9-10.RL.3.A Analyze multiple performances of a story, drama, or poem evaluating how each version interprets the source text.
9-10.RL.3.A Analyze multiple performances of a story, drama, or poem evaluating how each version interprets the source text.
9-10.RL.3.B Explain how and why an author alludes to or transforms source material within his or her text.
9-10.RL.3.B Explain how and why an author alludes to or transforms source material within his or her text.
9-10.RL.3.C Analyze how multiple texts reflect historical and/or cultural contexts.
9-10.RL.3.C Analyze how multiple texts reflect historical and/or cultural contexts.
9-10.RL.3.D Read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas and poems, independently and proficiently
9-10.RL.3.D Read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas and poems, independently and proficiently
9-10.RI
Reading Informational Text
9-10.RI.1 Comprehend and Interpret Texts (Approaching Texts as a Reader)
9-10.RI.1.A Draw conclusions, infer and analyze by citing relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Text evidence
Arguments
Text evidence in nonfiction passages
9-10.RI.1.A Draw conclusions, infer and analyze by citing relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Text evidence
Arguments
Text evidence in nonfiction passages
9-10.RI.1.B Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative, connotative, and content-specific meanings using context, affixes, or reference materials.
Tone
Figurative language
Rhetorical strategies
Prefixes
Suffixes
Foreign words and expressions
Word choice
Vocabulary in context
Reference skills
9-10.RI.1.B Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative, connotative, and content-specific meanings using context, affixes, or reference materials.
Tone
Figurative language
Rhetorical strategies
Prefixes
Suffixes
Foreign words and expressions
Word choice
Vocabulary in context
Reference skills
9-10.RI.1.C Interpret visual elements of a text including those from different media and draw conclusions from them (when applicable).
9-10.RI.1.C Interpret visual elements of a text including those from different media and draw conclusions from them (when applicable).
9-10.RI.1.D Explain two or more central/main ideas in a text, analyze their development throughout the text, and explain the significance of the central ideas; provide an objective and concise summary of the text.
Central idea
Supporting evidence
Text development
9-10.RI.1.D Explain two or more central/main ideas in a text, analyze their development throughout the text, and explain the significance of the central ideas; provide an objective and concise summary of the text.
Central idea
Supporting evidence
Text development
9-10.RI.2 Analyze Craft and Structure (Approaching Texts as a Writer)
9-10.RI.2.A Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text or sequence information impacts the reader.
Arguments
Development of ideas in nonfiction passages
9-10.RI.2.A Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text or sequence information impacts the reader.
Arguments
Development of ideas in nonfiction passages
9-10.RI.2.B Analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance point of view or purpose.
Audience and purpose
Tone
Arguments
Rhetorical strategies
Persuasive strategies
9-10.RI.2.B Analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance point of view or purpose.
Audience and purpose
Tone
Arguments
Rhetorical strategies
Persuasive strategies
9-10.RI.2.C Analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices and syntax on meaning and tone.
Tone
Rhetorical strategies
9-10.RI.2.C Analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices and syntax on meaning and tone.
Tone
Rhetorical strategies
9-10.RI.2.D Evaluate an author's argument, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.
Arguments
Supporting evidence
Logical fallacies
9-10.RI.2.D Evaluate an author's argument, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.
Arguments
Supporting evidence
Logical fallacies
9-10.RI.3 Synthesize Ideas from Multiple Texts (Approaching Texts as a Researcher)
9-10.RI.3.A Analyze how similar ideas or topics are portrayed in different media formats.
9-10.RI.3.A Analyze how similar ideas or topics are portrayed in different media formats.
9-10.RI.3.B Evaluate how effectively two or more texts develop similar ideas/topics.
9-10.RI.3.B Evaluate how effectively two or more texts develop similar ideas/topics.
9-10.RI.3.C Analyze how multiple texts reflect the historical and/or cultural contexts.
9-10.RI.3.C Analyze how multiple texts reflect the historical and/or cultural contexts.
9-10.RI.3.D Read and comprehend informational text independently and proficiently.
9-10.RI.3.D Read and comprehend informational text independently and proficiently.
9-10.W
Writing
9-10.W.1 Approaching the Task as a Researcher
9-10.W.1.A Conduct research to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; gather multiple relevant, credible sources, print and digital; integrate information using a standard citation system.
9-10.W.1.A Conduct research to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; gather multiple relevant, credible sources, print and digital; integrate information using a standard citation system.
9-10.W.1.B Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.
Analyze sources
Supporting evidence
Plagiarism
Citations
9-10.W.1.B Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.
Analyze sources
Supporting evidence
Plagiarism
Citations
9-10.W.2 Approaching the Task as a Writer
9-10.W.2.A Follow a writing process to produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, style, and voice are appropriate to the task, purpose and audience; self-select and blend (when appropriate) previously learned narrative, expository, and argumentative writing techniques.
Audience and purpose
Organization
Development and support
9-10.W.2.A Follow a writing process to produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, style, and voice are appropriate to the task, purpose and audience; self-select and blend (when appropriate) previously learned narrative, expository, and argumentative writing techniques.
Audience and purpose
Organization
Development and support
9-10.W.3 Approaching the Task as a Reader
9-10.W.3.A Review, revise, and edit writing with consideration for the task, purpose, and audience
9-10.W.3.A Review, revise, and edit writing with consideration for the task, purpose, and audience
9-10.W.3.A.a: Organization and Content: Introduce the topic, maintain a clear focus throughout the text, and provide a conclusion that follows from the text. Achieve the writer's purpose and demonstrate an awareness of audience by making choices regarding organization and content.
Audience and purpose
Organize writing
Topic sentences and thesis statements
Evidence
9-10.W.3.A.a: Organization and Content: Introduce the topic, maintain a clear focus throughout the text, and provide a conclusion that follows from the text. Achieve the writer's purpose and demonstrate an awareness of audience by making choices regarding organization and content.
Audience and purpose
Organize writing
Topic sentences and thesis statements
Evidence
9-10.W.3.A.b: Word choice, syntax, and style: Choose precise language and make syntactical choices to reflect an understanding of how language contributes to meaning.
Tone
Persuasive strategies
Write concisely
Active voice
Revision
Foreign words and expressions
Word choice
Reference skills
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Clauses
Conjunctions
Misplaced modifiers
9-10.W.3.A.b: Word choice, syntax, and style: Choose precise language and make syntactical choices to reflect an understanding of how language contributes to meaning.
Tone
Persuasive strategies
Write concisely
Active voice
Revision
Foreign words and expressions
Word choice
Reference skills
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Clauses
Conjunctions
Misplaced modifiers
9-10.W.3.A.c: Conventions of standard English and usage: Demonstrate a command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage including spelling and punctuation.
Frequently confused words
Revision
Homophones
Word choice
Reference skills
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Nouns
Pronouns
Subject-verb agreement
Verb tense
Adjectives and adverbs
Restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
Commas
Semicolons, colons, and commas
Dashes, hyphens, and ellipses
Apostrophes
Capitalization
Formatting
9-10.W.3.A.c: Conventions of standard English and usage: Demonstrate a command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage including spelling and punctuation.
Frequently confused words
Revision
Homophones
Word choice
Reference skills
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Nouns
Pronouns
Subject-verb agreement
Verb tense
Adjectives and adverbs
Restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
Commas
Semicolons, colons, and commas
Dashes, hyphens, and ellipses
Apostrophes
Capitalization
Formatting
9-10.W.3.A.d: Use a variety of appropriate transitions to clarify relationships and connect ideas, claims and signal time shifts.
9-10.W.3.A.d: Use a variety of appropriate transitions to clarify relationships and connect ideas, claims and signal time shifts.
9-10.W.3.A.e: Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.
9-10.W.3.A.e: Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.