Next Generation Learning Standards: Grade 4
Skills available for New York fourth-grade language arts standards
Strand
Print skill plan
4R
Literary and Informational Text
Key Ideas and Details
4R1 Locate and refer to relevant details and evidence when explaining what a text says explicitly/implicitly and make logical inferences.
Inferences
Theme
Story elements
Supporting details
Text relationships
Compare texts
Literary texts: level 1
Literary texts: level 2
Informational texts: level 1
Informational texts: level 2
4R1 Locate and refer to relevant details and evidence when explaining what a text says explicitly/implicitly and make logical inferences.
Inferences
Theme
Story elements
Supporting details
Text relationships
Compare texts
Literary texts: level 1
Literary texts: level 2
Informational texts: level 1
Informational texts: level 2
4R2 Determine a theme or central idea of text and explain how it is supported by key details; summarize a text.
Theme
Summary
Central idea
Supporting details
4R2 Determine a theme or central idea of text and explain how it is supported by key details; summarize a text.
Theme
Summary
Central idea
Supporting details
4R3 In literary texts, describe a character, setting, or event, drawing on specific details in the text. In informational texts, explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts, including what happened and why, based on specific evidence from the text.
Character analysis
Story elements
Text relationships
Supporting details
4R3 In literary texts, describe a character, setting, or event, drawing on specific details in the text. In informational texts, explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts, including what happened and why, based on specific evidence from the text.
Character analysis
Story elements
Text relationships
Supporting details
Craft and Structure
4R4 Determine the meaning of words, phrases, figurative language, academic, and content-specific words.
Vocabulary in context
Academic vocabulary
Domain-specific vocabulary
Multiple-meaning words
Figurative language
Informational texts: level 1
Informational texts: level 2
Idioms
4R4 Determine the meaning of words, phrases, figurative language, academic, and content-specific words.
Vocabulary in context
Academic vocabulary
Domain-specific vocabulary
Multiple-meaning words
Figurative language
Informational texts: level 1
Informational texts: level 2
Idioms
4R5 In literary texts, identify and analyze structural elements, using terms such as verse, rhythm, meter, characters, settings, dialogue, stage directions. In informational texts, identify the overall structure using terms such as sequence, comparison, cause/effect, and problem/solution.
Text relationships
Structural elements
4R5 In literary texts, identify and analyze structural elements, using terms such as verse, rhythm, meter, characters, settings, dialogue, stage directions. In informational texts, identify the overall structure using terms such as sequence, comparison, cause/effect, and problem/solution.
Text relationships
Structural elements
4R6 In literary texts, compare and contrast the point of view from which different stories are narrated, including the difference between first- and third-person narrations. In informational texts, compare and contrast a primary and secondary source on the same event or topic.
4R6 In literary texts, compare and contrast the point of view from which different stories are narrated, including the difference between first- and third-person narrations. In informational texts, compare and contrast a primary and secondary source on the same event or topic.
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
4R7 Identify information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively (e.g., in charts, graphs, diagrams, time lines, animations, illustrations) and explain how the information contributes to an understanding of the text.).
4R7 Identify information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively (e.g., in charts, graphs, diagrams, time lines, animations, illustrations) and explain how the information contributes to an understanding of the text.).
4R8 Explain how claims in a text are supported by relevant reasons and evidence.
4R8 Explain how claims in a text are supported by relevant reasons and evidence.
4R9 Recognize genres and make connections to other texts, ideas, cultural perspectives, eras, personal events, and situations.
4R9 Recognize genres and make connections to other texts, ideas, cultural perspectives, eras, personal events, and situations.
4RF
Foundational Skills
Phonics and Word Recognition
4RF3 Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.
4RF3 Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.
4RF3a: Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (e.g., roots and affixes) to read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context and out of context.
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Word patterns
Compound words
Multisyllabic words
4RF3a: Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (e.g., roots and affixes) to read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context and out of context.
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Word patterns
Compound words
Multisyllabic words
Fluency
4RF4 Read grade-level text with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.
4RF4 Read grade-level text with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.
4RF4a: Read grade-level text across genres orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.
4RF4a: Read grade-level text across genres orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.
4RF4b: Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.
Vocabulary in context
Multiple-meaning words
Idioms
4RF4b: Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.
Vocabulary in context
Multiple-meaning words
Idioms
4W
Writing
Text Types and Purposes
4W1 Write an argument to support claim(s), using clear reasons and relevant evidence.
4W1 Write an argument to support claim(s), using clear reasons and relevant evidence.
4W1a: Introduce a precise claim, supported by well-organized facts and details, and organize the reasons and evidence logically.
Organization
Supporting details
4W1a: Introduce a precise claim, supported by well-organized facts and details, and organize the reasons and evidence logically.
Organization
Supporting details
4W1b: Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary.
4W1b: Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary.
4W1c: Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas within categories of information.
4W1c: Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas within categories of information.
4W1d: Provide a concluding statement or section related to the argument presented.
4W1d: Provide a concluding statement or section related to the argument presented.
4W2 Write informative/explanatory texts to explore a topic and convey ideas and information relevant to the subject.
4W2 Write informative/explanatory texts to explore a topic and convey ideas and information relevant to the subject.
4W2a: Introduce a topic clearly and organize related information in paragraphs and sections.
4W2a: Introduce a topic clearly and organize related information in paragraphs and sections.
4W2b: Develop ideas on a topic with facts, definitions, concrete details, or other relevant information; include text features when useful for aiding comprehension.
Development and support
Plagiarism
4W2b: Develop ideas on a topic with facts, definitions, concrete details, or other relevant information; include text features when useful for aiding comprehension.
Development and support
Plagiarism
4W2c: Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary.
Shades of meaning
Domain-specific vocabulary
4W2c: Use precise language and content-specific vocabulary.
Shades of meaning
Domain-specific vocabulary
4W2d: Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas within categories of information.
4W2d: Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas within categories of information.
4W2e: Provide a concluding statement or section related to the information or explanation presented.
4W2e: Provide a concluding statement or section related to the information or explanation presented.
4W3 Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences.
4W3 Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences.
4W3a: Establish a situation and introduce a narrator and/or characters.
4W3a: Establish a situation and introduce a narrator and/or characters.
4W3b: Use dialogue and description of actions, thoughts, and feelings to develop experiences and events or show the responses of characters to situations.
4W3b: Use dialogue and description of actions, thoughts, and feelings to develop experiences and events or show the responses of characters to situations.
4W3c: Use transitional words and phrases to manage the sequence of events.
4W3c: Use transitional words and phrases to manage the sequence of events.
4W3d: Use concrete words and phrases and sensory details to convey experiences and events precisely.
Shades of meaning
Sensory details
4W3d: Use concrete words and phrases and sensory details to convey experiences and events precisely.
Shades of meaning
Sensory details
4W3e: Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.
4W3e: Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.
4W4 Create a poem, story, play, art work, or other response to a text, author, theme, or personal experience.
4W4 Create a poem, story, play, art work, or other response to a text, author, theme, or personal experience.
4W5 Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to respond and support analysis, reflection, and research by applying grade 4 reading standards.
Literary texts
Informational texts
4W5 Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to respond and support analysis, reflection, and research by applying grade 4 reading standards.
Literary texts
Informational texts
Research to Build and Present Knowledge
4W6 Conduct research to answer questions, including self-generated questions, and to build knowledge through investigating multiple aspects of a topic.
4W6 Conduct research to answer questions, including self-generated questions, and to build knowledge through investigating multiple aspects of a topic.
4W7 Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from multiple sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.
Organization
Analyze sources
Supporting details
Plagiarism
4W7 Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from multiple sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.
Organization
Analyze sources
Supporting details
Plagiarism
4L
Language
Conventions of Academic English/Language for Learning
4L1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of academic English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
4L1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of academic English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
4L1a: Produce simple, compound, and complex sentences.
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Simple and compound sentences
Sentence variety
4L1a: Produce simple, compound, and complex sentences.
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Simple and compound sentences
Sentence variety
4L1b: Explain the function of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in general as well as in particular sentences.
Nouns
Personal pronouns
Possessive pronouns
Relative pronouns
Subject and object pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Adjectives and adverbs
4L1b: Explain the function of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in general as well as in particular sentences.
Nouns
Personal pronouns
Possessive pronouns
Relative pronouns
Subject and object pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Adjectives and adverbs
4L1c: Use relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why).
Relative pronouns
Relative adverbs
4L1c: Use relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why).
Relative pronouns
Relative adverbs
4L1d: Explain the function of conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections in general as well as in particular sentences.
Prepositions
Conjunctions
4L1d: Explain the function of conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections in general as well as in particular sentences.
Prepositions
Conjunctions
4L1e: Form and use regular and irregular plural nouns.
Regular plurals
Irregular plurals
4L1e: Form and use regular and irregular plural nouns.
Regular plurals
Irregular plurals
4L1f: Use abstract nouns.
4L1f: Use abstract nouns.
4L1g: Form and use regular and irregular verbs.
Verbs
Regular past tense
Irregular past tense
Past, present, and future tense
Progressive tense
Past participles
Perfect tense
To be and to have
4L1g: Form and use regular and irregular verbs.
Verbs
Regular past tense
Irregular past tense
Past, present, and future tense
Progressive tense
Past participles
Perfect tense
To be and to have
4L1h: Form and use the simple verb tenses (e.g., I walked; I walk; I will walk).
Verbs
Regular past tense
Irregular past tense
Past, present, and future tense
To be
4L1h: Form and use the simple verb tenses (e.g., I walked; I walk; I will walk).
Verbs
Regular past tense
Irregular past tense
Past, present, and future tense
To be
4L1i: Form and use the progressive verb tenses (e.g., I was walking; I am walking; I will be walking).
4L1i: Form and use the progressive verb tenses (e.g., I was walking; I am walking; I will be walking).
4L1j: Form and use the perfect verb tenses (e.g., I had walked; I have walked; I will have walked).
4L1j: Form and use the perfect verb tenses (e.g., I had walked; I have walked; I will have walked).
4L1k: Use verb tense to convey various times, sequences, states, and conditions.
Verbs
Regular past tense
Irregular past tense
Progressive tense
Past participles
Perfect tense
Past, present, and future tense
To be and to have
4L1k: Use verb tense to convey various times, sequences, states, and conditions.
Verbs
Regular past tense
Irregular past tense
Progressive tense
Past participles
Perfect tense
Past, present, and future tense
To be and to have
4L1l: Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense.
4L1l: Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense.
4L1m: Ensure subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement.
4L1m: Ensure subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement.
4L1n: Use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.
4L1n: Use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.
4L1o: Use and identify prepositional phrases.
4L1o: Use and identify prepositional phrases.
4L1p: Produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate fragments and run-ons.
Subjects and predicates
Complete sentences
4L1p: Produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate fragments and run-ons.
Subjects and predicates
Complete sentences
4L1q: Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to, too, two; there, their).
4L1q: Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to, too, two; there, their).
4L2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of academic English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
4L2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of academic English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
4L2a: Capitalize appropriate words in titles.
4L2a: Capitalize appropriate words in titles.
4L2b: Use correct capitalization.
4L2b: Use correct capitalization.
4L2c: Use commas in addresses.
4L2c: Use commas in addresses.
4L2d: Use commas and quotation marks in dialogue. → Use commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech and quotations from a text.
4L2d: Use commas and quotation marks in dialogue. → Use commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech and quotations from a text.
4L2e: Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence.
4L2e: Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence.
4L2f: Use a comma to separate an introductory element from the rest of the sentence.
4L2f: Use a comma to separate an introductory element from the rest of the sentence.
4L2g: Use punctuation to separate items in a series.
4L2g: Use punctuation to separate items in a series.
4L2h: Form and use possessives.
4L2h: Form and use possessives.
4L2i: Use conventional spelling for high-frequency and other studied words, and to add suffixes to base words (e.g., sitting, smiled, cries, happiness).
Base words, prefixes, and suffixes
Regular plural nouns
Verb tense
4L2i: Use conventional spelling for high-frequency and other studied words, and to add suffixes to base words (e.g., sitting, smiled, cries, happiness).
Base words, prefixes, and suffixes
Regular plural nouns
Verb tense
4L2j: Use spelling patterns, rules, and generalizations (e.g., word families, position-based spellings, syllable patterns, ending rules, meaningful word parts) in writing words. → Spell grade-appropriate words correctly, consulting references as needed.
Long vowels
Digraphs
Syllables
Consonant blends
Silent letters
Diphthongs
R-controlled vowels
Vowel teams
Base words, prefixes, and suffixes
Prefixes
Reference skills
Nouns
Possessive nouns
Adjectives
Contractions
Compound words
Word patterns
4L2j: Use spelling patterns, rules, and generalizations (e.g., word families, position-based spellings, syllable patterns, ending rules, meaningful word parts) in writing words. → Spell grade-appropriate words correctly, consulting references as needed.
Long vowels
Digraphs
Syllables
Consonant blends
Silent letters
Diphthongs
R-controlled vowels
Vowel teams
Base words, prefixes, and suffixes
Prefixes
Reference skills
Nouns
Possessive nouns
Adjectives
Contractions
Compound words
Word patterns
4L2k: Use quotation marks or italics to indicate titles of works.
4L2k: Use quotation marks or italics to indicate titles of works.
Knowledge of Language
4L3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
4L3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
4L3a: Choose words and phrases to convey ideas precisely.
Synonyms and antonyms
Shades of meaning
Descriptive details
4L3a: Choose words and phrases to convey ideas precisely.
Synonyms and antonyms
Shades of meaning
Descriptive details
4L3b: Choose punctuation for effect.
4L3b: Choose punctuation for effect.
4L3c: Distinguish between contexts that call for formal English (e.g., presenting ideas) and situations where informal discourse is appropriate (e.g., small-group discussion).
4L3c: Distinguish between contexts that call for formal English (e.g., presenting ideas) and situations where informal discourse is appropriate (e.g., small-group discussion).
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
4L4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
4L4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
4L4a: Use context (e.g., definitions, examples, or restatements in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
Vocabulary in context
Multiple-meaning words
Idioms
Figurative language
4L4a: Use context (e.g., definitions, examples, or restatements in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
Vocabulary in context
Multiple-meaning words
Idioms
Figurative language
4L4b: Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., telegraph, photograph, autograph).
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Roots and affixes
4L4b: Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., telegraph, photograph, autograph).
Prefixes
Suffixes
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Roots and affixes
4L4c: Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.
Reference skills
Dictionary skills
Thesaurus skills
4L4c: Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.
Reference skills
Dictionary skills
Thesaurus skills
4L5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
4L5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
4L5a: Explain the meaning of simple similes and metaphors in context.
4L5a: Explain the meaning of simple similes and metaphors in context.
4L5b: Recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages, and proverbs.
4L5b: Recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages, and proverbs.
4L5c: Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their antonyms and synonyms.
Synonyms
Antonyms
4L5c: Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their antonyms and synonyms.
Synonyms
Antonyms
4L6 Acquire and accurately use general academic and content-specific words and phrases, including those that signal precise actions, emotions, or states of being (e.g., quizzed, whined, stammered) and that are basic to a particular topic (e.g., wildlife, conservation, and endangered when discussing animal preservation).
Vocabulary in context
Academic vocabulary
Domain-specific vocabulary
Descriptive details
Shades of meaning
4L6 Acquire and accurately use general academic and content-specific words and phrases, including those that signal precise actions, emotions, or states of being (e.g., quizzed, whined, stammered) and that are basic to a particular topic (e.g., wildlife, conservation, and endangered when discussing animal preservation).
Vocabulary in context
Academic vocabulary
Domain-specific vocabulary
Descriptive details
Shades of meaning