Oregon English Language Arts and Literacy Standards: Grade 9
Skills available for Oregon ninth-grade language arts standards
Strand
Print skill plan
9-10.RL
Reading: Literature
Key Ideas and Details
9-10.RL.1 Analyze what the text says explicitly as well as inferentially; cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support the analysis.
Text evidence
Text evidence in literary passages
9-10.RL.1 Analyze what the text says explicitly as well as inferentially; cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support the analysis.
Text evidence
Text evidence in literary passages
9-10.RL.2 Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details. Provide an evidence-based summary of the text's theme or central idea.
9-10.RL.2 Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details. Provide an evidence-based summary of the text's theme or central idea.
9-10.RL.3 Analyze the impact of the author's choices regarding the development of complex characters over the course of a text, the interaction with other characters and/or the social, cultural, historical context, and the advancement of the plot or the development of the theme.
9-10.RL.3 Analyze the impact of the author's choices regarding the development of complex characters over the course of a text, the interaction with other characters and/or the social, cultural, historical context, and the advancement of the plot or the development of the theme.
Craft and Structure
9-10.RL.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze word choice and the impact on meaning.
Vocabulary in context
Word choice and usage
Figurative language
Tone
Word choice in literary passages
9-10.RL.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze word choice and the impact on meaning.
Vocabulary in context
Word choice and usage
Figurative language
Tone
Word choice in literary passages
9-10.RL.5 Analyze the impact of author's choices concerning how to structure and develop a text, such as how to order events within it to advance the plot or theme, manipulate time, and situate within a social, cultural, and/or historical context.
9-10.RL.5 Analyze the impact of author's choices concerning how to structure and develop a text, such as how to order events within it to advance the plot or theme, manipulate time, and situate within a social, cultural, and/or historical context.
9-10.RL.6 Analyze a perspective, point of view, or cultural experience in works that draw on a wide range of world literature across time and location, including consideration of which perspectives are represented and which are absent.
9-10.RL.6 Analyze a perspective, point of view, or cultural experience in works that draw on a wide range of world literature across time and location, including consideration of which perspectives are represented and which are absent.
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
9-10.RL.7 Compare and contrast the representation of a subject or a key scene in multiple artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each.
9-10.RL.7 Compare and contrast the representation of a subject or a key scene in multiple artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each.
9-10.RL.9 Analyze how an author alludes to the themes or topics from another source.
9-10.RL.9 Analyze how an author alludes to the themes or topics from another source.
Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity
9-10.RL.10 By the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 9–10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
9-10.RL.10 By the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 9–10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
9-10.RI
Reading: Informational Text
Key Ideas and Details
9-10.RI.1 Analyze what the text says explicitly as well as inferentially; cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support the analysis.
Text evidence
Arguments
Text evidence in nonfiction passages
9-10.RI.1 Analyze what the text says explicitly as well as inferentially; cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support the analysis.
Text evidence
Arguments
Text evidence in nonfiction passages
9-10.RI.2 Determine a central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details. Provide an evidence-based summary of the text.
Central idea
Supporting evidence
Text development
9-10.RI.2 Determine a central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details. Provide an evidence-based summary of the text.
Central idea
Supporting evidence
Text development
9-10.RI.3 Analyze how the author crafts an analysis or series of ideas or events, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed, and the connections that are drawn between them.
Arguments
Development of ideas in nonfiction passages
9-10.RI.3 Analyze how the author crafts an analysis or series of ideas or events, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed, and the connections that are drawn between them.
Arguments
Development of ideas in nonfiction passages
Craft and Structure
9-10.RI.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choice on meaning and tone.
Vocabulary in context
Word choice and usage
Figurative language
Tone
Word choice in nonfiction passages
Rhetorical strategies
9-10.RI.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choice on meaning and tone.
Vocabulary in context
Word choice and usage
Figurative language
Tone
Word choice in nonfiction passages
Rhetorical strategies
9-10.RI.5 Analyze in detail how an author's ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text.
Text development
Argument development
Analyze structure and development in nonfiction passages
9-10.RI.5 Analyze in detail how an author's ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text.
Text development
Argument development
Analyze structure and development in nonfiction passages
9-10.RI.6 Determine an author's perspective or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that perspective or purpose.
Audience and purpose
Tone
Arguments
Rhetorical strategies
Persuasive strategies
9-10.RI.6 Determine an author's perspective or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that perspective or purpose.
Audience and purpose
Tone
Arguments
Rhetorical strategies
Persuasive strategies
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
9-10.RI.7 Analyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums, determining which details are emphasized in each account.
9-10.RI.7 Analyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums, determining which details are emphasized in each account.
9-10.RI.8 Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.
Arguments
Supporting evidence
Logical fallacies
9-10.RI.8 Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.
Arguments
Supporting evidence
Logical fallacies
9-10.RI.9 Analyze documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.
9-10.RI.9 Analyze documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.
Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity
9-10.RI.10 By the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 9–10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
9-10.RI.10 By the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 9–10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
9-10.W
Writing
Text Types and Purposes
9-10.W.1 Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
9-10.W.1 Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
9-10.W.1a: Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
9-10.W.1a: Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
9-10.W.1b: Develop and supply evidence for claim(s) and counterclaims, while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both.
Supporting evidence
Counterclaims
Logical fallacies
9-10.W.1b: Develop and supply evidence for claim(s) and counterclaims, while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both.
Supporting evidence
Counterclaims
Logical fallacies
9-10.W.1c: Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.
9-10.W.1c: Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.
9-10.W.1d: Establish a style and tone relevant to the discipline in which they are writing.
9-10.W.1d: Establish a style and tone relevant to the discipline in which they are writing.
9-10.W.1e: Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.
9-10.W.1e: Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.
9-10.W.1f: Develop and strengthen writing as needed by revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.
9-10.W.1f: Develop and strengthen writing as needed by revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.
9-10.W.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.
9-10.W.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.
9-10.W.2a: Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting, graphics, and multimedia when useful in aiding comprehension.
9-10.W.2a: Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting, graphics, and multimedia when useful in aiding comprehension.
9-10.W.2b: Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.
Development and support
Plagiarism
Formatting
9-10.W.2b: Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.
Development and support
Plagiarism
Formatting
9-10.W.2c: Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.
9-10.W.2c: Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.
9-10.W.2d: Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.
9-10.W.2d: Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.
9-10.W.2e: Establish a style and tone relevant to the discipline in which they are writing.
9-10.W.2e: Establish a style and tone relevant to the discipline in which they are writing.
9-10.W.2f: Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.
9-10.W.2f: Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.
9-10.W.3 Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.
9-10.W.3 Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.
9-10.W.3a: Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view or perspectives, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.
9-10.W.3a: Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view or perspectives, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.
9-10.W.3b: Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.
9-10.W.3b: Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.
9-10.W.3c: Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.
9-10.W.3c: Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.
9-10.W.3d: Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.
Descriptive details
Word choice and usage
9-10.W.3d: Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.
Descriptive details
Word choice and usage
9-10.W.3e: Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.
9-10.W.3e: Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.
Production and Distribution of Writing
9-10.W.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
Audience and purpose
Organization
Development and support
9-10.W.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
Audience and purpose
Organization
Development and support
9-10.W.5 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.
Organization
Revision
Editing
9-10.W.5 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.
Organization
Revision
Editing
9-10.W.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.
9-10.W.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.
Research to Build and Present Knowledge
9-10.W.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.
9-10.W.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.
9-10.W.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.
Analyze sources
Supporting evidence
Plagiarism
Citations
9-10.W.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.
Analyze sources
Supporting evidence
Plagiarism
Citations
9-10.W.9 Draw and cite evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
Literary texts
Informational texts
9-10.W.9 Draw and cite evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
Literary texts
Informational texts
Range of Writing
9-10.W.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.
9-10.W.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.
9-10.L
Language
Conventions of Standard English
9-10.L.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
9-10.L.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
9-10.L.1a: Use parallel structure.
9-10.L.1a: Use parallel structure.
9-10.L.1b: Use various types of phrases and clauses to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations.
Phrases
Clauses
9-10.L.1b: Use various types of phrases and clauses to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations.
Phrases
Clauses
9-10.L.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
9-10.L.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
9-10.L.2a: Use a semicolon (and perhaps a conjunctive adverb) to link two or more closely related independent clauses.
9-10.L.2a: Use a semicolon (and perhaps a conjunctive adverb) to link two or more closely related independent clauses.
9-10.L.2b: Use a colon to introduce a list or quotation or present information related to the sentence's first clause.
9-10.L.2b: Use a colon to introduce a list or quotation or present information related to the sentence's first clause.
9-10.L.2c: Spell correctly.
Spelling
Frequently confused words
Commonly misspelled words
Homophones
9-10.L.2c: Spell correctly.
Spelling
Frequently confused words
Commonly misspelled words
Homophones
Knowledge of Language
9-10.L.3 Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, and to make effective choices for meaning, style, and audience.
9-10.L.3 Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, and to make effective choices for meaning, style, and audience.
9-10.L.3a: Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual appropriate for the discipline and writing mode.
9-10.L.3a: Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual appropriate for the discipline and writing mode.
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
9-10.L.4 Determine and/or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9–10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies, including context clues, word parts, word relationships, and reference materials.
9-10.L.4 Determine and/or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9–10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies, including context clues, word parts, word relationships, and reference materials.
9-10.L.4a: Use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
Vocabulary in context
Word choice and usage
Figurative language
9-10.L.4a: Use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
Vocabulary in context
Word choice and usage
Figurative language
9-10.L.4b: Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.
9-10.L.4b: Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.
9-10.L.4c: Consult dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses, as well as other general and specialized reference materials, both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology.
9-10.L.4c: Consult dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses, as well as other general and specialized reference materials, both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology.
9-10.L.4d: Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase.
9-10.L.4d: Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase.
9-10.L.5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
9-10.L.5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
9-10.L.5a: Interpret figures of speech in context and analyze their role in the text.
Figurative language
Rhetorical strategies
9-10.L.5a: Interpret figures of speech in context and analyze their role in the text.
Figurative language
Rhetorical strategies
9-10.L.5b: Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.
9-10.L.5b: Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.
9-10.L.6 Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
Prefixes
Suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Foreign words and expressions
Vocabulary in context
Word choice and usage
9-10.L.6 Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
Prefixes
Suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Foreign words and expressions
Vocabulary in context
Word choice and usage