Standards of Excellence: Biology
Skills available for Georgia Biology standards
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SB
Biology
SB1 Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
SB1.a Construct an explanation of how cell structures and organelles (including nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, lysosome, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, ribosomes, and mitochondria) interact as a system to maintain homeostasis.
Understand cells
Plant cells
Animal cells
Compare cells and cell parts
SB1.a Construct an explanation of how cell structures and organelles (including nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, lysosome, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, ribosomes, and mitochondria) interact as a system to maintain homeostasis.
Understand cells
Plant cells
Animal cells
Compare cells and cell parts
SB1.b Develop and use models to explain the role of cellular reproduction (including binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis) in maintaining genetic continuity.
The cell cycle
Mitosis
Meiosis
SB1.b Develop and use models to explain the role of cellular reproduction (including binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis) in maintaining genetic continuity.
The cell cycle
Mitosis
Meiosis
SB1.c Construct arguments supported by evidence to relate the structure of macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) to their interactions in carrying out cellular processes.
SB1.c Construct arguments supported by evidence to relate the structure of macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) to their interactions in carrying out cellular processes.
SB1.d Plan and carry out investigations to determine the role of cellular transport (e.g., active, passive, and osmosis) in maintaining homeostasis.
Passive transport
Active transport
SB1.d Plan and carry out investigations to determine the role of cellular transport (e.g., active, passive, and osmosis) in maintaining homeostasis.
Passive transport
Active transport
SB1.e Ask questions to investigate and provide explanations about the roles of photosynthesis and respiration in the cycling of matter and flow of energy within the cell (e.g., single-celled alga).
SB1.e Ask questions to investigate and provide explanations about the roles of photosynthesis and respiration in the cycling of matter and flow of energy within the cell (e.g., single-celled alga).
SB2 Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to analyze how genetic information is expressed in cells.
SB2.a Construct an explanation of how the structures of DNA and RNA lead to the expression of information within the cell via the processes of replication, transcription, and translation.
Structure of DNA
DNA replication
Protein synthesis
Codon charts
SB2.a Construct an explanation of how the structures of DNA and RNA lead to the expression of information within the cell via the processes of replication, transcription, and translation.
Structure of DNA
DNA replication
Protein synthesis
Codon charts
SB2.b Construct an argument based on evidence to support the claim that inheritable genetic variations may result from: new genetic combinations through meiosis (crossing over, nondisjunction); non-lethal errors occurring during replication (insertions, deletions, substitutions); and/or heritable mutations caused by environmental factors (radiation, chemicals, and viruses).
SB2.b Construct an argument based on evidence to support the claim that inheritable genetic variations may result from: new genetic combinations through meiosis (crossing over, nondisjunction); non-lethal errors occurring during replication (insertions, deletions, substitutions); and/or heritable mutations caused by environmental factors (radiation, chemicals, and viruses).
SB2.c Ask questions to gather and communicate information about the use and ethical considerations of biotechnology in forensics, medicine, and agriculture.
SB2.c Ask questions to gather and communicate information about the use and ethical considerations of biotechnology in forensics, medicine, and agriculture.
SB3 Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.
SB3.a Use Mendel's laws (segregation and independent assortment) to ask questions and define problems that explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability.
SB3.a Use Mendel's laws (segregation and independent assortment) to ask questions and define problems that explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability.
SB3.b Use mathematical models to predict and explain patterns of inheritance.
Introduction to genetics
Punnett squares
SB3.b Use mathematical models to predict and explain patterns of inheritance.
Introduction to genetics
Punnett squares
SB3.c Construct an argument to support a claim about the relative advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction.
SB3.c Construct an argument to support a claim about the relative advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction.
SB4 Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to illustrate the organization of interacting systems within single-celled and multi-celled organisms.
SB4.a Construct an argument supported by scientific information to explain patterns in structures and function among clades of organisms, including the origin of eukaryotes by endosymbiosis. Clades should include: archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes (fungi, plants, animals).
SB4.a Construct an argument supported by scientific information to explain patterns in structures and function among clades of organisms, including the origin of eukaryotes by endosymbiosis. Clades should include: archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes (fungi, plants, animals).
SB4.b Analyze and interpret data to develop models (i.e., cladograms and phylogenetic trees) based on patterns of common ancestry and the theory of evolution to determine relationships among major groups of organisms.
SB4.b Analyze and interpret data to develop models (i.e., cladograms and phylogenetic trees) based on patterns of common ancestry and the theory of evolution to determine relationships among major groups of organisms.
SB4.c Construct an argument supported by empirical evidence to compare and contrast the characteristics of viruses and organisms.
SB4.c Construct an argument supported by empirical evidence to compare and contrast the characteristics of viruses and organisms.
SB5 Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to assess the interdependence of all organisms on one another and their environment.
SB5.a Plan and carry out investigations and analyze data to support explanations about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems.
SB5.a Plan and carry out investigations and analyze data to support explanations about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems.
SB5.b Develop and use models to analyze the cycling of matter and flow of energy within ecosystems through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
SB5.b Develop and use models to analyze the cycling of matter and flow of energy within ecosystems through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
SB5.b.i: Arranging components of a food web according to energy flow.
SB5.b.i: Arranging components of a food web according to energy flow.
SB5.b.ii: Comparing the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid.
SB5.b.ii: Comparing the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid.
SB5.b.iii: Explaining the need for cycling of major biochemical elements (C, O, N, P, and H).
SB5.b.iii: Explaining the need for cycling of major biochemical elements (C, O, N, P, and H).
SB5.c Construct an argument to predict the impact of environmental change on the stability of an ecosystem.
SB5.c Construct an argument to predict the impact of environmental change on the stability of an ecosystem.
SB5.d Design a solution to reduce the impact of a human activity on the environment.
SB5.d Design a solution to reduce the impact of a human activity on the environment.
SB5.e Construct explanations that predict an organism's ability to survive within changing environmental limits (e.g., temperature, pH, drought, fire).
SB5.e Construct explanations that predict an organism's ability to survive within changing environmental limits (e.g., temperature, pH, drought, fire).
SB6 Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to assess the theory of evolution.
SB6.a Construct an explanation of how new understandings of Earth's history, the emergence of new species from pre-existing species, and our understanding of genetics have influenced our understanding of biology.
SB6.a Construct an explanation of how new understandings of Earth's history, the emergence of new species from pre-existing species, and our understanding of genetics have influenced our understanding of biology.
SB6.b Analyze and interpret data to explain patterns in biodiversity that result from speciation.
SB6.b Analyze and interpret data to explain patterns in biodiversity that result from speciation.
SB6.c Construct an argument using valid and reliable sources to support the claim that evidence from comparative morphology (analogous vs. homologous structures), embryology, biochemistry (protein sequence) and genetics support the theory that all living organisms are related by way of common descent.
SB6.c Construct an argument using valid and reliable sources to support the claim that evidence from comparative morphology (analogous vs. homologous structures), embryology, biochemistry (protein sequence) and genetics support the theory that all living organisms are related by way of common descent.
SB6.d Develop and use mathematical models to support explanations of how undirected genetic changes in natural selection and genetic drift have led to changes in populations of organisms.
SB6.d Develop and use mathematical models to support explanations of how undirected genetic changes in natural selection and genetic drift have led to changes in populations of organisms.
SB6.e Develop a model to explain the role natural selection plays in causing biological resistance (e.g., pesticides, antibiotic resistance, and influenza vaccines).
SB6.e Develop a model to explain the role natural selection plays in causing biological resistance (e.g., pesticides, antibiotic resistance, and influenza vaccines).