S.P.1 Use systematic rules for measuring with certainty and accurately perform calculations using significant figure rules for addition/subtraction and multiplication/division to determine distance, speed/velocity, and acceleration of objects.

S.P.2 Interpret graphical, algebraic, and/or trigonometric solutions to prove the values for vector components and resultants.

S.P.3 Develop free body diagrams to define a system experiencing balanced or unbalanced forces to justify Newton's Laws of Motion.

S.P.4 Analyze data to support the claim that Newton's second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

S.P.5 Identify the pair of equal and opposite forces between two interacting bodies and relate their magnitudes and directions using Newton's 3rd Law.

S.P.6 Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when the system is closed.

S.P.7 Evaluate the conservation of energy and momentum and deduce solutions for elastic and inelastic collisions.

S.P.8 Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

S.P.9 Develop and use a model to describe the mathematical relationship between mass, distance, and force as expressed by Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation.

S.P.10 Analyze the motion of a projectile; appraise data, either textbook generated or laboratory collected, for motion in one and/or two dimensions, then select the correct mathematical method for communicating the value of unknown variables.

S.P.11 Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

S.P.12 Evaluate the conservation of energy and momentum and deduce solutions for elastic and inelastic collisions.

S.P.13 Evaluate the forces of a system to quantify the change in energy of a system as work and interpret the rate of energy changes as power.

S.P.14 Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

S.P.15 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (Second Law of Thermodynamics).

S.P.16 Conduct experiments to evaluate the application of metals based on internal structure and physical properties in relation to: thermal expansion, electrical/thermal conductivity, magnetism.

S.P.17 Assess the magnitude of buoyant force on submerged and floating objects.

S.P.18 Evaluate the compressibility of fluids and apply the equation of continuity to analyze the mass flow rate of incompressible fluids.

S.P.19 Anticipate the effects of Bernoulli's principle on fluid motion.

S.P.20 Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media while differentiating between longitudinal and transverse waves.

S.P.21 Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model, and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.

S.P.22 Calculate the energy from electromagnetic radiation with differing frequencies that are absorbed by matter then propose possible applications for those materials.

S.P.23 Apply ray optics diagrams to lenses and mirrors; use the lens/mirror equation and the magnification equation to solve optics problems; justify the image results obtained by diagramming the ray optics of lenses and mirrors and/or by deducing the image information from the lens/mirror equation.

S.P.24 Apply Snell's Law to calculate either the angle of incidence or angle of refraction for refraction through various media.

S.P.25 Make claims about the diffraction/interference patterns produced when a wave passes through a small opening/set of openings.

S.P.26 Evaluate the photon model of light with evidence of the photoelectric effect.

S.P.27 Diagram magnetic fields for different types of magnets and evaluate the strength of magnetic fields based on field line density.

S.P.28 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.

S.P.29 Generate models of electric fields surrounding point charges and calculate the magnitude of electric force applied to a charge when placed at different positions in the electric field.

S.P.30 Qualitatively and quantitatively predict the interactions of charged particles when performing calculations using Coulomb's Law.

S.P.31 Construct and analyze electrical circuits and calculate Ohm's law problems for series and parallel circuits.

S.P.32 Distinguish between direct and alternating current and identify ways of generating each typе.

S.P.33 Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.

S.P.34 Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.

S.P.35 Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.

S.P.36 Use a computer simulation to model the impact of proposed solutions to a complex real-world problem with numerous criteria and constraints on interactions within and between systems relevant to the problem.