7.1 Evaluate historical and cultural sources — archaeological, genetic, and linguistic evidence and Indigenous Nations' creation stories — to support claims about the history of early human migration to the Americas.

7.2 Analyze the collection and use of anthropological and archeological evidence, including an analysis of the tension between Western anthropological or archeological practices and Indigenous scientific knowledge, to draw conclusions about Indigenous societies in the Americas.

7.3 Locate and identify Indigenous Nations, tribes and/or communities from the 1400s through the present day on maps.

7.4 Compare the different ways Indigenous societies adapted to the land and climate and how they shaped their environments between 1400 and 1600.

7.5 Explain the development of technological and scientific innovations of at least three Indigenous societies between 1400 and 1600.

7.6 Evaluate the agricultural developments and accomplishments of at least three Indigenous societies in the Americas between 1400 and 1600.

7.7 Compare the complex systems of governments of at least three Indigenous societies, including chiefdoms and structures that had democratic characteristics between 1400 and 1600.

7.8 Compare the different cultural, religious and/or spiritual belief systems of early Indigenous societies, with a particular focus on the role of gender and family, including the history of Two-Spirit identities between 1400 and 1600.

7.9 Evaluate European colonists' ideas about religion and conquest, including the conception of the "New World" between 1400 and 1600.

7.1 Analyze the impact of the arrival of European colonists in the Americas using primary and secondary sources, including population data.

7.11 Compare Indigenous and European perspectives of early contact, with attention to the limitations of using European sources to understand the history and culture of Indigenous Nations.

7.12 Evaluate the impact of the arrival of Europeans from the perspective of Indigenous peoples, including the effects of warfare and diplomacy, the immense loss of life and land, the impact on Indigenous sovereignty, and the role of conquest and disease using primary and secondary sources.

7.13 Analyze the economic and cultural impact of what is often referred to as the "Columbian Exchange," or the widespread transfer of diseases, commodities, technology, people, animals and ideas as a result of European colonization and interaction with the Americas and other parts of the world.

7.14 Assess the ways Indigenous Nations have been portrayed in American history and popular culture and the limitations of such portrayals in understanding the diverse communities that comprise the "Native American" identity.

7.15 Analyze how the concepts of whiteness and blackness changed across time and place (e.g., the "one-drop rule," Benjamin Franklin's "Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind," race in Cuba).

7.16 Compare the economic, religious and political motives that led to the establishment of early, distinct European colonies in the Americas.

7.17 Identify and analyze global trade routes and their impact on the formation of European colonies throughout the Americas — including North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean — as well as the impact on African and European society.

7.18 Analyze the reasons for and impact of Spanish colonization and settlement in the Southern and Western United States during the colonial period, including resistance to Spanish colonization by Indigenous Nations.

7.19 Compare the motivations of different groups who settled in the 13 British colonies, and analyze the impact of these differences on the political, demographic, religious and social features of the colonies.

7.2 Analyze the experience, perspectives and identities of Africans who were enslaved: 1) prior to enslavement; 2) during capture and transport in the Middle Passage; and 3) through bondage, including resistance to enslavement and the codification of race as a tool of oppression.

7.21 Analyze the differing lived experiences of early colonists, free Black people, enslaved people, women, religious minorities and indentured servants across the colonies.

7.22 Compare the different ways that Indigenous Nations resisted British colonizing forces.

7.23 Evaluate the causes of the social and legal codification of race in the colonial era and the proliferations of a race-based hierarchy, including the impact of Bacon's Rebellion.

7.24 Analyze the experiences, perspectives and identities of people who were denied access to full rights across the colonies (e.g., enslaved people, women, free Black people, religious minorities), including citizenship, marriage and voting restrictions, and evaluate efforts by those groups to gain access to legal rights.

7.25 Compare reasons for and the consequences of different colonial responses to British economic and political policies following the French and Indian War.

7.26 Evaluate the economic, political and ideological reasons for the movement for independence from England, and construct a timeline of key events, including the Stamp Act, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party and the Battle at Lexington and Concord.

7.27 Evaluate the contributions of key figures during the Revolutionary era including but not limited to George Washington, John and Abigail Adams, Phillis Wheatley, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and James Armistead Lafayette.

7.28 Use historical context to analyze the ideals contained in the Declaration of Independence, identifying Thomas Jefferson as a main contributor and critiquing the extent to which such ideals have fully applied to the people of the United States — from the Revolutionary era to today.

7.29 Compare multiple perspectives of participants during the Revolutionary War, including military leaders like George Washington and everyday efforts across colonial society.

7.3 Evaluate the reasons for American colonial victory over the British Empire.

7.31 Evaluate the immediate impact of the Revolutionary War on the new country's domestic and international relations, including the impact of the Treaty of Paris on Indigenous Nations.

7.32 Compare the causes and impacts of the American Revolution to the Haitian Revolution, the French Revolution and Bolivarian revolutions in Latin America.

7.33 Analyze the impact of the American Revolution on the social and political status of different groups in the new nation including but not limited to women, Indigenous Nations, enslaved and free Black Americans, religious minorities, and European Americans of various socioeconomic groups (e.g., rural farmers, Southern planters, urban craftsmen, Northern merchants).

7.34 Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, evaluating the competing arguments for and against revision.

7.35 Identify key individuals at the Constitutional Convention, and evaluate the consequences of the compromises that emerged to secure ratification by the states, including the distribution of political power, rights of the states and the makeup of the Senate and Electoral College.

7.36 Evaluate the issue of slavery at the Constitutional Convention through primary and secondary sources, analyzing the attempted rationale and implications of its protection in the Constitution, including how the decision reinforced the institution of slavery and the power of states in which slavery was prevalent.

7.37 Explain the structure, power and function of the federal government created by the Constitution, including key constitutional principles such as the division of power between federal and state government, the creation of checks and balances, the sovereignty of the people, limited government, and judicial independence.

7.38 Evaluate the arguments of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, including a focus on individual rights and the size of the republic, and explain how historical context shaped these arguments.

7.39 Compare the US Constitution to the Articles of Confederation, the Haudenosaunee Confederacy and the British Government by examining government structure and power, as well as individual rights and liberties.

7.4 Evaluate the reasons for the creation of the Bill of Rights, and determine the extent to which the fundamental liberties ensured by the Bill of Rights were equitably and fairly applied to people within the United States.

7.41 Analyze the political debate regarding the location of the national capital, the compromise that led to the establishment of the District of Columbia and the consequences for DC residents.

7.42 Analyze the presidency and legacy of George Washington, including his legacy as an enslaver and as a leader who voluntarily relinquished political power.

7.43 Analyze the daily lives of those who were not allowed to participate in the formation of the US government or were denied access to civil rights, such as voting and/or citizenship using primary sources (e.g., the writings of Olaudah Equiano and Harriet Jacobs).

7.44 Analyze the international and domestic disputes that shaped the formation of early political parties such as the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans and the short-and long-term significance of these disputes.

7.45 Evaluate the causes and impacts of at least one rebellion led by enslaved individuals in the 18th or early 19th century (e.g., the Stono Rebellion, Nat Turner's Rebellion, Denmark Vesey's Rebellion).

7.46 Evaluate the legacy of the presidential elections of 1800, 1876, 2000 and 2020 to evaluate the significance of peaceful transfers of power and their impact on democratic ideals.

7.47 Analyze the social and political changes during the Jacksonian era, including the expansion of voting rights, from multiple perspectives and evaluate the legacy of these changes.

7.48 Assess the extent to which perspectives toward American territorial expansion, including Manifest Destiny and Indigenous resistance, changed over time, including an understanding that the removal of Indigenous Nations was not inevitable.

7.49 Compare and evaluate the different ways in which the United States acquired territory from 1800 to 1860, including an evaluation of the Louisiana Purchase.

7.5 Evaluate the reasons different individuals, including Federalists, Abolitionists and Democratic-Republicans, supported and opposed American territorial expansion.

7.51 Analyze the experiences of free Black communities in the American Northwest.

7.52 Compare and evaluate the actions taken and rationales provided by the United States government to acquire western or Indigenous territory in the 1800s, with particular attention given to the policies and campaigns of President Andrew Jackson and the consequences such actions had on the land and people.

7.53 Analyze the perspectives and actions (both adaptation and resistance) of Indigenous Nations in response to territorial invasion between 1800 and 1860 using primary and secondary sources.

7.54 Evaluate the causes and consequences of the Mexican-American War, with specific attention to the impact of the war and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.

7.55 Evaluate the impact of territorial expansion, immigration, and Northern industrialization on the institution of slavery and American politics.

7.56 Use charts, graphs and data to evaluate the impact of the institution of slavery on the economic growth of the United States between 1800 and 1861, with a particular focus on the impact of the invention of the cotton gin.

7.57 Analyze the complex and varied lives and experiences of enslaved people and free Black Americans between 1800–1877.

7.58 Evaluate the growth and international context of the Abolitionist movement, including the effectiveness of various tactics and leaders by analyzing primary and secondary sources — including the perspectives of abolitionists such as Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Elizabeth Freeman, Henry Highland Garnet and Frederick Douglass.

7.59 Evaluate the reasons for Asian and European immigration to the United States, the political, social and economic opportunities and challenges faced by Asian and European immigrants, and the ways individuals demonstrated resilience between 1800–1877.

7.6 Evaluate the political, social, and economic opportunities and challenges faced by Indigenous Nations, Mexicans and Genizaros living in land incorporated into America after 1848.

7.61 Compare gender rights and roles in different geographic regions and communities within the United States, and evaluate the goals and tactics of the women's suffrage movement.

7.62 Analyze societal confines and constraints within social reform movements of the 19th century, including the role of gender, sexuality, religion and race.

7.63 Evaluate the impact of territorial expansion and the conflict over the expansion of slavery on sectional tensions between Northern and Southern states.

7.64 Use primary sources to evaluate the reasons for the start of the Civil War, including the decision of Southern states to secede from the United States to protect the institution of slavery.

7.65 Use primary sources to analyze the Union rationale for the Civil War, including the perspectives of Frederick Douglass, abolitionists, and Northerners who were not pro-abolition.

7.66 Compare the Union and Confederate approaches to the war, including how strategy, resources, technology and international support shaped its course and outcome.

7.67 Evaluate the role of women, civilians, free Black Americans, religious minorities and Indigenous Nations in the Civil War.

7.68 Use context to assess the reasons for Abraham Lincoln's issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation, evaluating its short- and long-term impact.

7.69 Analyze the methods of abolition and emancipation undertaken by enslaved people during the Civil War.

7.7 Evaluate the credibility of websites about the Civil War using lateral reading.

7.71 Evaluate the impact of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments on the lived experiences of Black Americans, including the extent to which each amendment expanded freedom and constitutional protections for Black Americans.

7.72 Compare different federal approaches toward and policies of Reconstruction (e.g., Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson and Congressional Republicans), evaluating their rationale and impact.

7.73 Explain the impact of grassroots efforts by Black Americans to gain access to land, public education and fair labor and participate in political, economic and legal systems (including voting) on reconstituting a multiracial, democratic society.

7.74 Use primary and secondary sources to analyze the means by which formerly enslaved persons created new lives for themselves in the South, North and West following the legal end of slavery.

7.75 Evaluate the reasons for and tactics of challenges to federal initiatives begun during Reconstruction, and assess their short-and long-term effects using primary and secondary sources.

7.76 Analyze the rise of white supremacy and racial violence during Reconstruction — including incidents of mass violence — and the impact of "Black Codes" on Black Americans.

7.77 Analyze American military actions against Indigenous Nations during the Civil War and Reconstruction, and the impact of the Civil War on the sovereignty of Indigenous Nations.

7.78 Analyze the legacy of unresolved challenges facing the nation after the Compromise of 1877, including the continued impact of the Reconstruction era on American democracy.

7.79 Analyze continued efforts of Black Americans to access political, social and economic equality in the South following 1877, including an analysis of Plessy v. Ferguson and the impact of "separate but equal".

7.8 Evaluate the origins and consequences of conflicting narratives about the Civil War and Reconstruction.