Arkansas

Topic 1 Elements, Matter, and Interactions

• PSI-PS1-1 Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

  • Count subatomic particles in atoms and ions (Ch-G.1)
  • Identify the electron configuration of an atom or ion (Ch-I.)
  • Periodic trends: Ionization energy (Ch-J.1)
  • Introduction to chemical bonding (Ch-K.1)
  • Determine which type of chemical bond can form (Ch-K.2)

• PSI-PS1-2 Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.

  • Classify chemical reactions (Ch-Q.1)

• PSI-PS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.

  • Explore intermolecular forces and kinetic energy in phase diagrams (Ch-N.1)

• PSI-PS1-4 Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

  • Identify exothermic and endothermic processes (Ch-E.1)

• PSI-PS1-7 Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

  • Calculate molar mass (Ch-O.1)
  • Convert between mass and moles of a substance (Ch-O.2)
  • Convert between volume and moles of a gas at STP (Ch-O.)
  • Count atoms in chemical reactions using models (Ch-P.1)
  • Count atoms in chemical equations (Ch-P.2)
  • Balance chemical equations I (Ch-P.3)
  • Determine mole ratios (Ch-R.1)
  • Calculate the mass of a reactant or product (Ch-R.2)
  • Calculate the volume of a gaseous reactant or product at STP (Ch-R.3)
  • Identify a limiting reactant and calculate the amount of a product (Ch-R.)

• PSI-ESS2-7 Construct an argument based on evidence about the simultaneous coevolution of Earth's systems and life on Earth.

Topic 2 Matter in Organisms

• PSI-LS1-5 Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.

  • The chemistry of photosynthesis (B-G.1)

• PSI-LS1-7 Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.

  • The chemistry of cellular respiration (B-G.2)

• PSI-LS2-4 Use mathematical representations to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.

  • Interpret a Serengeti food web (B-O.1)
  • Interpret an Antarctic food web (B-O.2)

• PSI2-ETS1-2 Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.

Topic 3 Forces and Motion

• PSI-PS2-1 Analyze data to support the claim that Newton's second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

  • Newton's laws of motion (Ph-F.1)
  • Newton's first law of motion (Ph-F.2)
  • Newton's second law of motion (Ph-F.3)

• PSI-PS2-3 Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

• PSI-PS2-5 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.

  • Magnets and magnetism (Ph-R.1)

• PSI-PS2-6 Communicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.

• PSI-ESS1-5 Evaluate evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks.

• PSI3-ETS1-1 Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.

Topic 4 Energy

• PSI-PS3-1 Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

  • Conservation of mechanical energy (Ph-H.1)

• PSI-PS3-2 Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motions of particles (objects) and energy associated with the relative position of particles (objects).

  • Conservation of mechanical energy (Ph-H.1)

• PSI-PS3-3 Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

• PSI-PS3-4 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

  • Calculations involving specific heat (Ph-J.1)

• PSI4-ETS1-3 Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and tradeoffs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.

Topic 5 Waves

• PSI-PS4-1 Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

  • Waves on strings (Ph-L.1)
  • Properties of electromagnetic waves (Ph-N.1)

• PSI-PS4-2 Evaluate questions about the advantages of using a digital transmission and storage of information.

• PSI5-ETS1-2 Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.

Topic 6 Interactions of Humans and the Environment

• PSI-LS2-7 Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.

• PSI-LS4-5 Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species.

• PSI-ESS2-1 Develop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.

• PSI-ESS3-1 Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate have influenced human activity.

• PSI-ESS3-2 Evaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost-benefit ratios.

• PSI6-ETS1-1 Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.

• PSI6-ETS1-2 Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.

• PSI6-ETS1-3 Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and tradeoffs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.

• PSI6-ETS1-4 Use a computer simulation to model the impact of proposed solutions to a complex real-world problem with numerous criteria and constraints on interactions within and between systems relevant to the problem.