Illinois

14 Understand political systems, with an emphasis on the United States.

• 14.5.01 Identify the basic principles of American democracy expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights and the Illinois State Constitution, including: freedom, individual rights and obligations of citizens, consent of the governed, the common good, and trial by jury.

  • The Constitution (5-K.4)
  • The Bill of Rights (5-K.5)

• 14.5.02 Understand the fundamental principles of American constitutional democracy, including how the government derives its power from the people and the primacy of individual liberty.

• 14.5.03 Understand why the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.

  • The Bill of Rights (5-K.5)

• 14.5.04 Identify the three branches of government as outlined in the Constitution and identify their functions and relationships.

  • Federal government (5-K.3)
  • The Constitution (5-K.4)
  • Checks and balances (5-K.6)

• 14.5.05 Identify the role and responsibilities of local, state and federal branches of government, including: protection of individual rights, national, regional and local interests, immigration, and provision of services (e.g., law enforcement and public education).

  • Local government (5-K.1)
  • State government (5-K.2)
  • Federal government (5-K.3)

• 14.5.06 Identify the structure of one's city or town government.

  • Local government (5-K.1)

• 14.5.07 Identify the rights and obligations of citizenship in a representative democracy.

  • Presidential elections (5-K.7)

• 14.5.08 Identify the ways in which one can become a U.S. Citizen.

  • Federal government (5-K.3)

• 14.5.09 Understand how one individual's rights in a democracy may at times be in conflict with one of another's individual rights; describe society's expectations for resolving these conflicts.

• 14.5.10 Identify the provisions of the Constitution that empower the government to form relationships with other countries, including: declaring war, making treaties, trade agreements, and conducting foreign policy.

• 14.5.11 Identify the expansion of U.S. territory from the American Revolution to the U.S. Civil War and identify the nations or groups from which the territory was acquired (e.g., Native American tribes, Mexico, and France) and ways in which territories were acquired (e.g., conquest, purchase, etc.).

  • The Louisiana Purchase (5-H.1)
  • The Lewis and Clark Expedition (5-H.2)
  • The War of 1812: causes (5-H.3)
  • The War of 1812: events and effects (5-H.4)

• 14.5.12 Identify the policy of Indian removal and be able to define "trail of tears" as it relates to the resettlement of the Cherokee Indians.

• 14.5.13 Identify the expansion of U.S. territory after the Civil War (e.g., resettlement of Native Americans to reservations, the purchase of Alaska, and the acquisition of Hawaii).

• 14.5.14 Define "imperialism" and trace the expansion of U.S. political involvement overseas from the Civil War through the end of the 19th century, including Roosevelt's Big Stick Diplomacy.

  • Theodore Roosevelt (3-D.12)

• 14.5.15 Identify America's allies and adversaries during World War I, describe the aid given by the U.S. to its allies, and describe the possible benefits and consequences of forming alliances with other nations.

  • World War I: the road to war (5-J.1)
  • World War I: the war begins (5-J.2)
  • World War I: events of the war (5-J.3)

• 14.5.16 Using World War I as an illustrative example, understand why nations sign peace treaties.

  • World War I: the road to peace (5-J.4)

• 14.5.17 Identify Pearl Harbor as the event that prompted the U.S. to enter World War II.

  • World War II: global events (5-J.9)

• 14.5.18 Identify Allied and Axis powers during World War II and describe the wartime goals of each.

  • World War I: the road to peace (5-J.4)
  • World War II: global events (5-J.9)

• 14.5.19 Define "cold war" and identify significant events of the Cold War, including: the Berlin Airlift, the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis and the arms race, the Vietnam War, and the fall of the Berlin Wall.

• 14.5.20 Identify basic foreign policy strategies of the U.S. during the Cold War, and the formation of alliances (e.g., NATO), and Warsaw Pact.

• 14.5.21 Identify areas of U.S. foreign policy involvement since the end of the Cold War era.

• 14.5.22 Identify the significance of key American symbols, including national symbols (e.g., U.S. flag, bald eagle, Statue of Liberty, White House, U.S. Capitol, and Liberty Bell) and state symbols (e.g., state flag, motto, and location of state capital); demonstrate understanding of proper care and handling of the U.S. flag.

  • Identify American symbols (4-L.1)
  • Identify American landmarks and monuments: part I (4-L.2)
  • Identify American landmarks and monuments: part II (4-L.3)
  • The American flag (4-L.4)
  • The White House (4-L.5)
  • The Washington Monument (4-L.6)
  • The Lincoln Memorial (4-L.7)
  • The Statue of Liberty (4-L.8)
  • The Empire State Building (4-L.9)
  • The Golden Gate Bridge (4-L.10)
  • Mount Rushmore (4-L.11)

• 14.5.23 Know the songs and be able to identify the lyrics that express American ideals, including "The Star-Spangled Banner" (National Anthem); paraphrase and understand the meaning of the words in the Pledge of Allegiance.

• 14.5.24 Identify the significance of major U.S. holidays, including: Independence Day, President's Day, Veteran's Day, Memorial Day, and Martin Luther King Day.

  • Thanksgiving (5-M.1)

• 14.5.25 Identify roles and functions of Illinois state and local governments.

  • Local government (5-K.1)
  • State government (5-K.2)

• 14.5.26 Identify the rights of Illinois citizens.

• 14.5.27 Identify how individuals can change Illinois government policies.

15 Understand economic systems, with an emphasis on the United States.

• 15.5.01 Identify the functioning of a free market economy in which producers make the goods and services that consumers want.

  • Understand quantity supplied and quantity demanded (5-P.1)
  • Understand overall supply and demand (5-P.2)

• 15.5.02 Define unemployment.

  • The Great Depression: part I (5-J.5)
  • The Great Depression: part II (5-J.6)
  • The New Deal (5-J.7)

• 15.5.03 Identify the differences between an industrial and an agricultural economy.

• 15.5.04 Define free enterprise; understand that markets exist wherever buyers and sellers exchange goods and services.

• 15.5.05 Define specialization; understand why people specialize in different trades.

• 15.5.06 Understand that consumers make choices in an environment of limited resources and understand why people are both consumers and producers.

• 15.5.07 Define the concept of supply and demand and describe how changes in supply and demand affect prices of specific products.

  • Understand quantity supplied and quantity demanded (5-P.1)
  • Understand overall supply and demand (5-P.2)
  • Create and use supply and demand curves (5-P.3)

• 15.5.08 Identify the impact of changes in the quantity of goods/services purchased (demand) on their price.

  • Understand quantity supplied and quantity demanded (5-P.1)
  • Understand overall supply and demand (5-P.2)
  • Create and use supply and demand curves (5-P.3)

• 15.5.09 Identify the impact of changes in the price of goods/services on the quantity purchased (demand).

  • Understand quantity supplied and quantity demanded (5-P.1)
  • Understand overall supply and demand (5-P.2)
  • Create and use supply and demand curves (5-P.3)

• 15.5.10 Identify the productive resources (human, natural and capital) used in the production of good and services.

• 15.5.11 Identify the choices made by producers when productive resources are scarce.

• 15.5.12 Define what economists mean by "productivity."

• 15.5.13 Understand the impact of changes in the quantity or goods/services supplied (supply) on its price.

  • Understand quantity supplied and quantity demanded (5-P.1)
  • Understand overall supply and demand (5-P.2)
  • Create and use supply and demand curves (5-P.3)
  • Identify shortage and surplus (5-P.4)
  • Identify shortage and surplus with graphs (5-P.5)
  • Identify shortage and surplus with data (5-P.6)

• 15.5.14 Understand the impact of changes in price of a good/service on the quantity supplied (supply).

  • Understand quantity supplied and quantity demanded (5-P.1)
  • Understand overall supply and demand (5-P.2)
  • Create and use supply and demand curves (5-P.3)

• 15.5.15 Identify how entrepreneurs take risks in order to produce goods or services and make a return on an investment.

• 15.5.16 Understand the concept of barter and other exchanges that individuals make with and without money.

• 15.5.17 Identify government policies that protect property rights, enforce contracts, and discourage/encourage competition.

• 15.5.18 Understand how laws and government policies establish rules that help a market economy function efficiently (e.g., regulate banking, protect savings, and set rules for trade with other countries).

• 15.5.19 Identify governments as the providers of public goods and services (e.g., schools, roads, and fire protection).

  • Purpose of government (3-E.1)

• 15.5.20 Know that governments establish and collect taxes in order to provide services.

  • Purpose of government (3-E.1)

• 15.5.21 Know that governments establish and use budgets.

  • Checks and balances (3-E.7)

• 15.5.22 Know that governments is responsible for establish monetary systems (e.g., coinage and currency).

  • The American Revolution: preparing for war (4-B.5)

• 15.5.23 Understand how the law of supply and demand affects prices for Illinois industrial and agricultural products.

  • Understand quantity supplied and quantity demanded (5-P.1)
  • Understand overall supply and demand (5-P.2)
  • Create and use supply and demand curves (5-P.3)

• 15.5.24 Identify goods and services produced in Illinois.

• 15.5.25 Identify division of labor and interdependence in the Illinois economy.

• 15.5.26 Understand how decisions about education and careers reflect incomes in Illinois.

16 Understand events, trends, individuals and movements shaping the history of Illinois, the United States and other nations.

• 16.5.01 Understand and use common chronological terms and processes, including: Identifying the temporal structure of a historical narrative, including its beginning, middle and end (the latter defined as the outcome of a particular problem in the beginning); measuring and calculating calendar time by years, decades, centuries and millennia from fixed points of the Gregorian calendar system using B.C. and A.D.; constructing time lines by designating appropriate equidistant intervals of time and recording events according to the temporal order in which they occurred.

• 16.5.02 Identify primary sources.

  • The American Revolution: the Thirteen Colonies under British rule (4-B.1)
  • The American Revolution: New British taxes (4-B.2)
  • The American Revolution: struggle for independence (4-B.6)
  • The American Revolution: turning the tide of the war (4-B.7)
  • The American Revolution: conclusion and aftermath (4-B.8)
  • The Lewis and Clark Expedition (4-C.2)
  • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)
  • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (4-D.1)
  • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (4-D.2)
  • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (4-D.3)
  • The Civil War: the end of the war (4-D.4)
  • World War I: the road to war (4-E.1)
  • World War I: the war begins (4-E.2)
  • World War I: events of the war (4-E.3)
  • World War I: the road to peace (4-E.4)
  • The Great Depression: part I (4-E.5)
  • The Great Depression: part II (4-E.6)
  • The New Deal (4-E.7)
  • World War II: lead-up to war in Europe, Asia (4-E.8)
  • World War II: global events (4-E.9)

• 16.5.03 Interpret tables, charts and graphs that represent simple historical, social, political, geographic and economic data.

  • The American Revolution: New British taxes (5-G.2)
  • The American Revolution: the Boston Tea Party (5-G.3)
  • The American Revolution: preparing for war (5-G.5)
  • The American Revolution: turning the tide of the war (5-G.7)
  • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (5-H.5)
  • The Civil War: the end of the war (5-I.4)
  • The Great Depression: part II (5-J.6)
  • The New Deal (5-J.7)

• 16.5.04 Understand "point of view;" distinguish fact from opinion in historical narratives.

  • The American Revolution: New British taxes (5-G.2)
  • The American Revolution: the Boston Tea Party (5-G.3)
  • The American Revolution: the rebellion begins (5-G.4)
  • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (5-I.1)

• 16.5.05 Identify the introduction of slavery into America, the harsh conditions of the middle passage, the responses of slave families, the struggles between proponents and opponents of slavery and the institutionalization of slavery.

• 16.5.06 Identify the social characteristics of the northern, middle, and southern colonies, and describe major individuals and groups associated with their founding, including: Pilgrims (under William Bradford) and Puritans (under John Winthrop) in the northern colonies; the English and Dutch (e.g., William Penn and Quakers, Peter Stuyvesant) in the middle colonies; the English in the southern colonies (e.g., John Smith and the settlement of Virginia).

  • New England colonies: religion and government (5-F.4)
  • New England colonies: economy and conflict (5-F.5)
  • Middle colonies: founding and government (5-F.6)
  • Middle colonies: economy and society (5-F.7)
  • Southern colonies: founding and government (5-F.8)
  • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (5-F.9)

• 16.5.07 Identify the similarities and differences in the political, economic, and social characteristics of life in the colonies vs. life in Europe (e.g., England).

• 16.5.08 Identify competing nations and their interests in North America before the American Revolution.

• 16.5.09 Identify the causes of the American Revolution, including: resistance to imperial policy, the Stamp Act, and taxes on tea.

  • The American Revolution: the Thirteen Colonies under British rule (4-B.1)
  • The American Revolution: New British taxes (4-B.2)
  • The American Revolution: the Boston Tea Party (4-B.3)

• 16.5.10 Identify the significance of the First and Second Continental Congresses and the Committee of Correspondence.

  • The American Revolution: the rebellion begins (4-B.4)
  • The American Revolution: preparing for war (4-B.5)

• 16.5.11 Identify the people and events associated with the drafting and signing of the Declaration of Independence, including: Thomas Jefferson, King George III, Patrick Henry, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and John Adams.

  • The American Revolution: struggle for independence (4-B.6)

• 16.5.12 Define "confederation" and explain that the states formed a confederation during the American Revolution under the Articles of Confederation.

  • The American Revolution: turning the tide of the war (4-B.7)
  • The American Revolution: conclusion and aftermath (4-B.8)

• 16.5.13 Understand that the debate at the Constitutional Convention can essentially be explained in terms of large states vs. small states: large states wanted the number of congressional representatives to be determined by the size of a state's population; small states wanted every state to have the same number of representatives; describe the 3/5 Compromise and the basic structure of government that resulted from the Convention.

• 16.5.14 Identify the first and second presidencies and identify the establishment of the national capitol in Washington, D.C.

  • The White House (4-L.5)

• 16.5.15 Identify the basic facts and implications of the Louisiana Purchase.

  • The Louisiana Purchase (4-C.1)

• 16.5.16 Identify significant accomplishments of individuals, groups, or events and their impact on early westward expansion of the nation, including: the Lewis and Clark expedition, Daniel Boone, "mountain men," pioneers, and the Gold Rush.

  • The Lewis and Clark Expedition (4-C.2)

• 16.5.17 Examine the main causes and outcomes of the War of 1812, including the concept of "freedom of the seas," James and Dolly Madison, the burning of the White House by the British, and the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner."

  • The War of 1812: causes (4-C.3)
  • The War of 1812: events and effects (4-C.4)

• 16.5.18 Identify the presidency of Andrew Jackson and identify "spoils system," "kitchen cabinet," and "common. man."

• 16.5.19 Identify the basic causes and consequences of the Mexican War, including events that preceded the war (e.g., conflict over the Texas Territory and the Battle of the Alamo), border disputes between the U.S. and Mexico (including the location of the disputed territory); the Mexican Cession and the Gadsden Purchase.

• 16.5.20 Identify early western migration from the perspective of settlers and Native Americans.

• 16.5.21 Define "suffrage" and identify the contributions of individuals associated with the women's rights and suffrage movements (e.g., Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Margaret Fuller, Lucretia Mott, and Susan B. Anthony).

  • Susan B. Anthony (2-B.8)

• 16.5.22 Define "abolition" and identify the contributions of individuals and groups associated with the abolitionist movement, including: Frederick Douglas, John Brown, and Harriet Tubman; describe the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and explain the purpose of the Underground Railroad.

  • Frederick Douglass (2-B.7)
  • Harriet Tubman (2-B.9)
  • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (5-H.6)

• 16.5.23 Identify the debate over slavery and its potential expansion, with an emphasis on key events and people (e.g., Henry Clay, John Calhoun, Daniel Webster, and the Kansas- Nebraska Act).

  • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part I (5-H.7)
  • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part II (5-H.8)

• 16.5.24 Identify the basic or primary causes of the U.S. Civil War, including: conflicting interpretations of state and federal authority and the geographical and economic differences between the North and South.

  • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (5-H.5)
  • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part I (5-H.7)
  • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part II (5-H.8)

• 16.5.25 Identify Union and Confederate territories in the Civil War and describe the significance of events and individuals to the course of the war, including: battles of Fort Sumter, First Bull Run, and Gettysburg; Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Ulysses S. Grant; the Gettysburg Address, Emancipation Proclamation, and surrender at Appomattox.

  • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (5-I.1)
  • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (5-I.2)
  • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (5-I.3)
  • The Civil War: the end of the war (5-I.4)

• 16.5.26 Identify Civil War events from the point of view of northern and southern troops, leaders, and civilians.

  • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (5-I.1)
  • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (5-I.2)
  • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (5-I.3)
  • The Civil War: the end of the war (5-I.4)

• 16.5.27 Define "Reconstruction" and describe the consequences of Abraham Lincoln's assassination for the reconstruction of the southern states after the Civil War.

  • Reconstruction (5-I.5)

• 16.5.28 Identify the end of the American West as illustrated by the relocation of Native Americans to reservations, Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, and Custer's Last Stand; the Ghost Dance, the battle of Wounded Knee, "Buffalo Soldiers," and the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

• 16.5.29 Identify railroads, population growth, and natural resources as factors that helped the United States economy to grow faster than that of any other country in the late 19th century; describe conditions in America's farmlands and cities during the growth of the industrial age.

• 16.5.30 Identify the contributions and impact of notable industrialists to the growth of American business during the industrial age, including: Andrew Carnegie, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller.

• 16.5.31 Identify life in the North and South in the late 19th century from the point of view of an African American.

• 16.5.32 Identify the reasons why many people came to America in the late 19th century (e.g., to find freedom and to seek a better life) and describe the discrimination, hardships, and new opportunities faced by many; explain the meaning of America as a "land of opportunity;" know the meaning of e pluribus unum ("out of many, one").

• 16.5.33 Identify the basic causes and consequences of the Spanish American War, including: the sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine, sensational U.S. newspaper stories; the acquisition of new territories in the Caribbean and Pacific; the growing importance of the U.S. as a world leader.

• 16.5.34 Identify the Progressive movement and the ways in which it sought to reform American society.

• 16.5.35 Identify the causes of World War I and the reasons for U.S. entry into the conflict; briefly describe the conflict, the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, and the League of Nations.

  • World War I: the road to war (5-J.1)
  • World War I: the war begins (5-J.2)
  • World War I: events of the war (5-J.3)
  • World War I: the road to peace (5-J.4)

• 16.5.36 Identify events related to the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, including: the failure of banks, unemployment, and the loss of farms due to the economy and disastrous drought.

  • The Great Depression: part I (5-J.5)
  • The Great Depression: part II (5-J.6)

• 16.5.37 Identify the purpose and major features of the New Deal, including: the creation of jobs to ease unemployment, public works projects, and Social Security.

  • The New Deal (5-J.7)

• 16.5.38 Identify the causes, course, and effects of World War II, including: the rise of totalitarian governments in Germany, Italy, and Japan; the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the battles of Normandy and Stalingrad, the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan.

  • World War II: lead-up to war in Europe, Asia (5-J.8)
  • World War II: global events (5-J.9)

• 16.5.39 Identify the Holocaust and the Allies' response to the Holocaust and war crimes.

  • World War II: global events (5-J.9)

• 16.5.40 Identify the impact of World War II on civilians, including: women, African Americans, and Japanese Americans.

  • World War II: lead-up to war in Europe, Asia (5-J.8)
  • World War II: global events (5-J.9)

• 16.5.41 Understand the origins and course of the Civil Rights movement, including the roles of individual American citizens in the civil rights movement, including: federal intervention in Little Rock, Ruby Bridges, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, Jackie Robinson, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

  • Rosa Parks (3-D.16)
  • Martin Luther King Jr. (3-D.19)

• 16.5.42 Identify sources of civilization in river valleys, including: Mesopotamia and the "Fertile Crescent" (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers), Egypt (Nile River), India (Indus and Ganges Rivers), and China (Huang Ho River).

• 16.5.43 Identify the political and cultural characteristics of ancient Egypt, including: the role of the Pharaoh as absolute ruler and head of Egyptian religion, the worship of many gods (polytheism), the building of pyramids as tombs for the afterlife, the importance of mummies in preserving the body for the afterlife, class distinctions of ancient Egypt (e.g., nobles, soldiers, freemen, peasants, and slaves), hieroglyphics as a writing system (deciphered in the 19th century using the Rosetta Stone).

• 16.5.44 Identify the development of alphabets and writing systems in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley.

• 16.5.45 Identify the common bonds (e.g., language and literature, religion, Olympic games, fear of Persia and alliances during the Persian Wars) and distinct differences (e.g., beliefs about government, views of literature, art, and philosophy, rivalries during the Peloponnesian Wars) between the ancient Greek city-states, with a focus on Athens and Sparta.

• 16.5.46 Understand the stories of the battles of Marathon and Thermopylae as examples of Greek ethical traditions and describe the connection to the modern-day marathon.

• 16.5.47 Identify basic contributions of ancient Greece to civilization in poetry, philosophy, literature, architecture, and mathematics.

• 16.5.48 Understand the scope of Alexander the Great's conquests to civilization (e.g., through his conquests, he created the largest empire then known; his empire allowed an exchange of ideas among peoples of the Mediterranean and the Middle East).

• 16.5.49 Identify people, places, and events in the history of ancient Rome: the early republic (including the strategic location of Italy in the Mediterranean region, and the roles of patricians, plebeians, and slaves), the Punic Wars against Hannibal of Carthage; the achievements and assassination of Julius Caesar; the destruction of Pompeii.

• 16.5.50 Identify aspects of daily life in ancient Rome, including the Coliseum, building of roads, aqueducts, Hadrian's Wall in England, the idea that "all roads lead to Rome," gladiator combat and the circuses, Roman baths, the Roman arch, and Roman gods and goddesses.

• 16.5.51 Understand that Christian beliefs are based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth; identify the basic teachings of Christianity.

  • Christmas (3-G.6)
  • Easter (3-G.7)

• 16.5.52 Understand that Christianity developed from a forbidden belief to the state religion of the Roman Empire.

• 16.5.53 Define "dynasty;" identify the location and contributions of ancient Chinese civilization, including: cultivation of wheat, inventions of gunpowder, paper money, and the magnetic compass; understand the purpose of the Great Wall.

• 16.5.54 Identify Confucius as a philosopher who founded Confucianism, a code of ethical conduct for people to follow in their daily lives.

• 16.5.55 Identify contributions of Indian civilization to religion, philosophy, art and architecture, and literature.

• 16.5.56 Know the story of Gautama, a noble who rejected the Hindu caste system and believed that people can eliminate the suffering caused by desire by living righteously; known to history as Buddha (the "Enlightened One").

• 16.5.57 Identify the basic teachings of Hinduism.

• 16.5.58 Identify at least one significant Roman accomplishment in architecture, warfare, technology, engineering, and law.

• 16.5.59 Identify the ways that religious beliefs spread in the ancient world.

• 16.5.60 Identify basic political, social, and cultural causes of the decline of the Roman Empire.

• 16.5.61 Know that the Eastern Roman Empire preserved many of the ideas and traditions of the Roman Empire as the Byzantine Empire.

• 16.5.62 Identify the development and spread of Islam (e.g., Mohammad as the founder of Islam, the basic teachings of Islam as found in the Koran; Islamic contributions to civilization, and the basic location of Islamic kingdoms).

• 16.5.63 Identify churches and monasteries as places that preserved important ideas during and after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

• 16.5.64 Identify the location of Meso-American civilizations relative to European, Asian, and African civilizations.

• 16.5.65 Compare the basic characteristics of Japanese Feudal Society with that of European feudalism (e.g., the lord-vassal system and the roles of knights and samurais).

• 16.5.66 Identify feudalism as a political relationship between a lord and his vassal; describe the basic characteristics and functions of manorialism in European society.

• 16.5.67 Understand the basic causes and effects of the religious Crusades (e.g., how the Crusades contributed to increasing contact between Europeans and cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean world and helped introduce Islamic ideas to Europe).

• 16.5.68 Identify how the feudalism in Europe gradually gave way to more representative forms of government as illustrated in the principles of the Magna Carta.

• 16.5.69 Identify and locate Sub-Saharan Empires relative to the kingdoms of Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, and describe the exchange of goods (e.g., gold, slaves) and ideas (e.g., religious beliefs) among these kingdoms.

• 16.5.70 Understand the outbreak of bubonic plague ("The Black Death") that occurred in Europe in the 14th century, describe how it spread, and explain how the plague affected daily life in Europe.

• 16.5.71 Identify basic achievements and contributions of Mayan, Aztec, and Incan society (e.g., in astronomy, mathematics, the development of the calendar, government, trade, and architecture).

• 16.5.72 Identify voyages, routes, and the influence of cartography and advances in navigation during the Age of Exploration.

• 16.5.73 Identify the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution as a time of important advances in the arts and sciences in Europe and identify major artists, writers, and scientists of the time (e.g., Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, William Shakespeare, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton).

• 16.5.74 Identify the basic features of the Reformation and the role of Martin Luther as a catalyst in the reformation of Christianity in Western Europe.

• 16.5.75 Identify how the Enlightenment contributed to the development of new ideas in government and economics.

• 16.5.76 Define "absolute monarchy" and "revolution" and identify the basic causes, events, and effects of the French Revolution.

• 16.5.77 Define "nationalism" and understand why European nations competed with each other for land and resources in the late 19th century.

• 16.5.78 Define "imperialism" and "colonialism" and identify examples of European and American colonies in the Americas, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.

  • Jamestown: the early years (5-F.1)
  • Plymouth (5-F.3)

• 16.5.79 Identify the basic causes, course, and consequences of World War I on the nations and peoples of Europe, including: the countries involved, the role of nationalism and military alliances, the concept of "total war," the significance of the phrase, "War to end all wars."

  • World War I: the road to war (4-E.1)
  • World War I: the war begins (4-E.2)
  • World War I: events of the war (4-E.3)
  • World War I: the road to peace (4-E.4)

• 16.5.80 Identify people, places, and events related to the establishment of the Soviet Union, including: Czar Nicholas II, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and Leon Trotsky; the economic and political conditions in Russia prior to the Revolution; the main goals of the Revolution.

• 16.5.81 Identify the basic causes of the Great Depression, its effects on daily life, and its impact around the world, particularly in Germany.

  • The Great Depression: part I (4-E.5)
  • The Great Depression: part II (4-E.6)

• 16.5.82 Define "totalitarianism" and identify common features of totalitarian states in Germany, Italy, and Japan.

• 16.5.83 Identify the basic causes, course, and consequences of World War II, including: allies and axis powers, major regions of conflict, and major turning points in the war (e.g., Normandy and the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan).

  • World War II: lead-up to war in Europe, Asia (4-E.8)
  • World War II: global events (4-E.9)

• 16.5.84 Identify the Holocaust.

  • World War II: global events (4-E.9)

• 16.5.85 Define "cold war;" explain the basic differences in the beliefs of the United States and the Soviet Union that led to the Cold War, and identify basic strategies used by each to counter the influence of the other.

• 16.5.86 Identify the basic features of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan.

• 16.5.87 Identify reasons why some nations since World War II have formed alliances and give examples of post-World War II alliances.

• 16.5.88 Identify the basic origins of revolutionary movements in Asia in the 20th century (e.g., China and Vietnam); identify places where nations have sought to achieve independence from colonial powers.

• 16.5.89 Identify the collapse of the Soviet Union.

• 16.5.90 Identify how people in hunting and gathering societies adapted to their respective environments.

• 16.5.91 Identify the similarities in the geographic conditions of the four river valley civilizations (Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China), including: fertile soil, uncertain rainfall, and disastrous floods.

• 16.5.92 Identify the environmental factors that drew settlers to Illinois and the surrounding region.

• 16.5.93 Identify the influence of individuals and events associated with the development of the conservation movement in the U.S., including: John Muir, Theodore Roosevelt and the creation of the U.S. National Park System.

• 16.5.94 Distinguish between renewable and nonrenewable resources.

• 16.5.95 Identify significant historical events and individuals in Illinois history, including: the Illini; French colonization; the French and Indian War; George Rogers Clark and the American Revolution; Jean-Baptist-Point DuSable and the origins of Chicago; the War of 1812 and the Massacre at Fort Dearborn; Erie Canal immigration; the Blackhawk War of 1832; the introduction of railroads; Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and the Civil War; the founding of University of Illinois in 1867; the Great Chicago Fire of 1871; Cyrus McCormick; John Deere; Jane Addams' Hull House; the 1893 World's Fair; Illinois citizens see the world in World War I; Prohibition and crime in the Roaring 20s; Depression; Illinois industry and the atomic bomb in World War II; ; the Illinois experience with the civil rights movement; highway, rail, and air transportation in Illinois; the global economy; the development of Chicago as a major center for trade.

  • John Deere (3-D.5)

17 Understand world geography and the effects of geography on society, with an emphasis on the United States.

• 17.5.01 Use map and globe skills to compare the physical characteristics of places including soils, land forms, vegetation, wildlife, climate and natural hazards.

• 17.5.02 Use maps and other geographic representations and instruments to identify: the continents, the oceans, major American rivers and lakes, the 50 states and their capitals and major world capitals.

  • Identify states of the West (5-C.1)
  • Select states of the West (5-C.2)
  • Name states of the West (5-C.3)
  • Identify states of the Midwest (5-C.4)
  • Select states of the Midwest (5-C.5)
  • Name states of the Midwest (5-C.6)
  • Identify states of the Southeast (5-C.7)
  • Select states of the Southeast (5-C.8)
  • Name states of the Southeast (5-C.9)
  • Identify states of the Northeast (5-C.10)
  • Select states of the Northeast (5-C.11)
  • Name states of the Northeast (5-C.12)
  • Identify the 50 states (5-C.13)
  • Select the 50 states (5-C.14)
  • Name the 50 states (5-C.15)
  • Identify state capitals of the West (5-D.1)
  • Name state capitals of the West (5-D.2)
  • Identify state capitals of the Midwest (5-D.3)
  • Name state capitals of the Midwest (5-D.4)
  • Identify state capitals of the Southeast (5-D.5)
  • Name state capitals of the Southeast (5-D.6)
  • Identify state capitals of the Northeast (5-D.7)
  • Name state capitals of the Northeast (5-D.8)
  • Identify the 50 state capitals (5-D.9)
  • Name the 50 state capitals (5-D.10)

• 17.5.03 Identify map features and evaluate the usefulness of different geographic representations for different purposes.

  • The American Revolution: struggle for independence (5-G.6)
  • The American Revolution: turning the tide of the war (5-G.7)
  • The American Revolution: conclusion and aftermath (5-G.8)
  • The Lewis and Clark Expedition (5-H.2)
  • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (5-I.2)
  • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (5-I.3)
  • The Civil War: the end of the war (5-I.4)

• 17.5.04 Identify how major urban centers in Illinois are connected to each other and to the United States, including transportation arteries and communications systems.

• 17.5.05 Know the difference between absolute and relative location.

• 17.5.06 Identify time zones and explain why there are different time zones in different parts of the world.

• 17.5.07 Locate places using cardinal directions.

  • Read a map: cardinal directions (5-A.1)
  • The Louisiana Purchase (5-H.1)
  • The Lewis and Clark Expedition (5-H.2)

• 17.5.08 Understand the relationship between plants and animals in a local ecosystem.

• 17.5.09 Define and distinguish among rural, urban and suburban areas.

  • Identify urban, suburban, and rural areas (3-A.10)
  • Compare urban, suburban, and rural areas (3-A.11)

• 17.5.10 Understand how and why people alter the physical environment to meet their needs by: tree-cutting, mining and raising food.

• 17.5.11 Identify resources whose value has changed over time as technology has changed (e.g., coal).

• 17.5.12 Understand how the physical geography of a place can help or hinder the development of human settlement or civilization [e.g., natural boundaries (e.g., oceans, mountains or deserts); the presence or absence of water, fertile soil, rainfall, or flooding].

• 17.5.13 Interpret the geographic history of a place from a variety of sources, including: oral interviews, maps, photographs and public records.

• 17.5.14 Identify the historical, cultural, economic and geographic factors that led to the formation of distinct regional identities in the United States.

  • New England colonies: religion and government (5-F.4)
  • New England colonies: economy and conflict (5-F.5)
  • Middle colonies: founding and government (5-F.6)
  • Middle colonies: economy and society (5-F.7)
  • Southern colonies: founding and government (5-F.8)
  • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (5-F.9)

• 17.5.15 Analyze how the physical features of Illinois have affected the settlement patterns of the state (e.g., rivers, valleys, and prairies).

• 17.5.16 Use maps and geographic data to compare and make decisions about people, places, and environments in Illinois.

• 17.5.17 Identify natural resource locations, human settlement patterns, and transportation networks in Illinois.

• 17.5.18 Identify sources of pollution and effects of erosion on Illinois' environment.

• 17.5.19 Identify the relationship of population to place in Illinois.

• 17.5.20 Identify Illinois' often violent weather in spring.

• 17.5.21 Locate Illinois in relation to the equator and time zones.

18 Understand social systems, with an emphasis on the United States.

• 18.5.01 Define "culture" and describe ways in which it can be expressed (e.g., art, architecture, literature, music, language, etc.) and transmitted (e.g., migration, trade, war, etc.).

• 18.5.02 Identify significant figures of early American folklore, literature, art and music, including: Johnny Appleseed, John Copley, Washington Irving and James Fennimore Cooper.

  • Davy Crockett (3-D.4)

• 18.5.03 Identify significant advances in technology to world and U.S. history and inventors associated with each, including: the steam engine (Watt), TNT (Nobel), and the electric light (Edison).

  • Thomas Edison (3-D.11)
  • Bill Gates (3-D.21)

• 18.5.04 Compare and contrast the role of individual citizens and groups of citizens organized for a specific purpose.

• 18.5.05 Compare and contrast the needs of society and the wants and needs of individuals.

• 18.5.06 Identify the basic features of significant social movements and events from history, including: westward expansion before and after the Civil War and the significance of the words, "Go west, young man;" the abolitionist movement; the Civil Rights Movement before and since the Civil War; significant immigrations before and since the Civil War; the women's suffrage movement.

  • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (5-H.6)

• 18.5.07 Understand the impact of changes in production and population on social systems, including the shifts between hunting and gathering, agricultural, and industrial societies.

• 18.5.08 Define "slavery" and identify its existence and elimination in the U.S.

  • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (5-F.9)
  • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (5-H.5)
  • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (5-H.6)
  • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part I (5-H.7)
  • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part II (5-H.8)
  • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (5-I.1)
  • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (5-I.2)
  • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (5-I.3)
  • The Civil War: the end of the war (5-I.4)
  • Reconstruction (5-I.5)

• 18.5.09 Examine an Illinois picture or story to identify the beliefs or ideals it conveys (e.g., pioneer, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, the Chicago skyline, a Carl Sandburg poem, and Illinois sports and music).

• 18.5.10 Identify social groups active in local communities (e.g., churches, mosques, museums, community theaters, "friends of the park" organizations, etc.).