The Common Core in Kentucky

RL.9-10 Reading Standards for Literature

• Key Ideas and Details

  • RL.9-10.1 Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

    • Analyze short stories: set 1 (10-D.1)
    • Analyze short stories: set 2 (10-D.2)
    • Identify supporting evidence in a text (10-H.4)

  • RL.9-10.2 Determine a theme or central idea of a text, and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details.

  • RL.9-10.3 Analyze how complex characters develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters and advance the plot or develop themes.

    • Analyze short stories: set 1 (10-D.1)
    • Analyze short stories: set 2 (10-D.2)

• Craft and Structure

  • RL.9-10.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.

    • Compare passages for tone (10-B.4)
    • Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source (10-C.2)
    • Recall the source of an allusion (10-C.3)
    • Interpret figures of speech (10-C.4)
    • Classify figures of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox (10-C.5)
    • Classify figures of speech: review (10-C.6)
    • Choose the word whose connotation and denotation best match the sentence (10-S.1)

  • RL.9-10.5 Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it and manipulate time create such effects as mystery, tension or surprise.

    • Analyze short stories: set 1 (10-D.1)
    • Analyze short stories: set 2 (10-D.2)

  • RL.9-10.6 Analyze a particular author's perspective or cultural experience reflected in a work of literature by drawing on a wide reading of world literature.

• Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

  • RL.9-10.7 Analyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment.

  • RL.9-10.9 Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work.

• Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

  • RL.9-10.10 By the end of the year, flexibly use a variety of comprehension strategies (i.e., questioning, monitoring, visualizing, inferencing, summarizing, synthesizing, using prior knowledge, determining importance) to read, comprehend and analyze grade-level appropriate, complex literary texts independently and proficiently.

    • Analyze short stories: set 1 (10-D.1)
    • Analyze short stories: set 2 (10-D.2)

RI.9-10 Reading Standards for Informational Text

• Key Ideas and Details

  • RI.9-10.1 Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

    • Analyze the development of informational passages: set 1 (10-E.1)
    • Analyze the development of informational passages: set 2 (10-E.2)
    • Trace an argument: set 1 (10-E.3)
    • Trace an argument: set 2 (10-E.4)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1 (10-E.5)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2 (10-E.6)
    • Identify supporting evidence in a text (10-H.4)

  • RI.9-10.2 Determine central ideas of a text and analyze in detail their development over the course of a text, including how they emerge and are shaped and refined by specific details.

    • Determine the main idea of a passage (10-A.1)
    • Analyze the development of informational passages: set 1 (10-E.1)
    • Analyze the development of informational passages: set 2 (10-E.2)
    • Trace an argument: set 1 (10-E.3)
    • Trace an argument: set 2 (10-E.4)
    • Identify thesis statements (10-G.2)
    • Identify supporting evidence in a text (10-H.4)

  • RI.9-10.3 Analyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events over the course of a text, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed and the connections that are drawn between them.

    • Analyze the development of informational passages: set 1 (10-E.1)
    • Analyze the development of informational passages: set 2 (10-E.2)
    • Trace an argument: set 1 (10-E.3)
    • Trace an argument: set 2 (10-E.4)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1 (10-E.5)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2 (10-E.6)

• Craft and Structure

  • RI.9-10.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.

    • Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source (10-C.2)
    • Interpret figures of speech (10-C.4)
    • Use context as a clue to the meanings of foreign expressions (10-R.2)
    • Choose the word whose connotation and denotation best match the sentence (10-S.1)
    • Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context (10-U.1)
    • Determine the meaning of words using antonyms in context (10-U.2)
    • Use context to identify the meaning of a word (10-U.3)

  • RI.9-10.5 Analyze in detail how an author's ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs or larger portions of a text.

    • Determine the main idea of a passage (10-A.1)
    • Analyze the development of informational passages: set 1 (10-E.1)
    • Analyze the development of informational passages: set 2 (10-E.2)
    • Trace an argument: set 1 (10-E.3)
    • Trace an argument: set 2 (10-E.4)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1 (10-E.5)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2 (10-E.6)
    • Evaluate counterclaims (10-H.5)
    • Choose the analysis that logically connects the evidence to the claim (10-H.6)
    • Transition logically between claims, evidence, analysis, and counterclaims (10-H.7)

  • RI.9-10.6 Determine an author's point of view, perspective and purpose in a text, and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.

    • Which text is most formal? (10-B.1)
    • Compare passages for subjective and objective tone (10-B.2)
    • Identify audience and purpose (10-B.3)
    • Trace an argument: set 1 (10-E.3)
    • Trace an argument: set 2 (10-E.4)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1 (10-E.5)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2 (10-E.6)
    • Identify appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in advertisements (10-I.1)
    • Use appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in persuasive writing (10-I.2)

• Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

  • RI.9-10.7 Analyze various accounts of a subject presented in different print and non-print formats, determining which details are emphasized in each account.

  • RI.9-10.8 Evaluate the argument, specific claims and evidence in a text, assessing the validity, reasoning, relevancy and sufficiency of the evidence; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.

    • Trace an argument: set 1 (10-E.3)
    • Trace an argument: set 2 (10-E.4)
    • Distinguish facts from opinions (10-H.1)
    • Identify stronger and weaker evidence to support a claim (10-H.2)
    • Choose the best evidence to support a claim (10-H.3)
    • Identify supporting evidence in a text (10-H.4)
    • Evaluate counterclaims (10-H.5)
    • Choose the analysis that logically connects the evidence to the claim (10-H.6)
    • Classify logical fallacies (10-H.8)

  • RI.9-10.9 Analyze documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.

    • Identify audience and purpose (10-B.3)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1 (10-E.5)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2 (10-E.6)
    • Identify appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in advertisements (10-I.1)
    • Use appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in persuasive writing (10-I.2)

• Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

  • RI.9-10.10 By the end of the year, flexibly use a variety of comprehension strategies (i.e., questioning, monitoring, visualizing, inferencing, summarizing, synthesizing, using prior knowledge, determining importance) to read, comprehend and analyze grade-level appropriate, complex informational texts independently and proficiently.

    • Determine the main idea of a passage (10-A.1)
    • Analyze the development of informational passages: set 1 (10-E.1)
    • Analyze the development of informational passages: set 2 (10-E.2)
    • Trace an argument: set 1 (10-E.3)
    • Trace an argument: set 2 (10-E.4)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1 (10-E.5)
    • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2 (10-E.6)

C.9-10 Composition

• Text Types and Purposes

  • C.9-10.1 Compose arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

    • C.9-10.1a Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience.

      • Identify audience and purpose (10-B.3)
      • Organize information by main idea (10-F.2)
      • Choose the topic sentence that best captures the main idea (10-G.1)
      • Identify thesis statements (10-G.2)

    • C.9-10.1b Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons and evidence.

      • Organize information by main idea (10-F.2)
      • Choose the topic sentence that best captures the main idea (10-G.1)
      • Identify thesis statements (10-G.2)
      • Distinguish facts from opinions (10-H.1)
      • Identify stronger and weaker evidence to support a claim (10-H.2)
      • Choose the best evidence to support a claim (10-H.3)
      • Identify supporting evidence in a text (10-H.4)
      • Evaluate counterclaims (10-H.5)
      • Choose the analysis that logically connects the evidence to the claim (10-H.6)

    • C.9-10.1c Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns.

      • Identify stronger and weaker evidence to support a claim (10-H.2)
      • Choose the best evidence to support a claim (10-H.3)
      • Identify supporting evidence in a text (10-H.4)
      • Evaluate counterclaims (10-H.5)
      • Choose the analysis that logically connects the evidence to the claim (10-H.6)
      • Classify logical fallacies (10-H.8)

    • C.9-10.1d Link the major sections of the text cohesively, and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons and evidence.

      • Choose the analysis that logically connects the evidence to the claim (10-H.6)
      • Transition logically between claims, evidence, analysis, and counterclaims (10-H.7)
      • Classify logical fallacies (10-H.8)
      • Transitions with conjunctive adverbs (10-K.1)
      • Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions (10-EE.1)

    • C.9-10.1e Establish and maintain a task appropriate writing style.

      • Which text is most formal? (10-B.1)
      • Compare passages for subjective and objective tone (10-B.2)

    • C.9-10.1f Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.

    • C.9-10.1g Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

      • Organize information by main idea (10-F.2)
      • Avoid double, illogical, and unclear comparisons (10-K.2)
      • Use parallel structure (10-K.4)
      • Remove redundant words or phrases (10-K.5)
      • Rewrite the sentence in active voice (10-L.2)
      • Use the correct frequently confused word (10-M.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with frequently confused words (10-M.2)
      • Identify and correct errors with frequently confused pronouns and contractions (10-M.3)
      • Correct errors with commonly misspelled words (10-M.4)
      • Correct errors with signs (10-M.5)
      • Correct errors in everyday use (10-M.6)
      • Suggest appropriate revisions (10-M.7)
      • Identify plagiarism (10-N.4)
      • Identify and correct errors with homophones (10-Q.2)
      • Identify sentence fragments (10-W.2)
      • Identify run-on sentences (10-W.3)
      • Choose punctuation to avoid fragments and run-ons (10-W.4)
      • Combine sentences using relative clauses (10-X.6)
      • Identify and correct errors with subject and object pronouns (10-Z.1)
      • Identify and correct pronoun errors with "who" (10-Z.4)
      • Identify vague pronoun references (10-Z.7)
      • Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person (10-Z.9)
      • Identify and correct errors with subject-verb agreement (10-BB.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with indefinite pronoun-verb agreement (10-BB.2)
      • Identify and correct verb agreement with compound subjects (10-BB.3)
      • Identify and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense (10-CC.3)
      • Commas: review (10-HH.5)
      • Semicolons, colons, and commas: review (10-II.3)
      • Decide whether ellipses are used appropriately (10-JJ.3)
      • Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns (10-KK.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with compound and joint possession (10-KK.2)
      • Correct capitalization errors (10-LL.1)
      • Formatting quotations and dialogue (10-MM.1)

  • C.9-10.2 Compose informative and/or explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization and analysis of content.

    • C.9-10.2a Produce writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task and purpose.

      • Identify audience and purpose (10-B.3)
      • Organize information by main idea (10-F.2)
      • Choose the topic sentence that best captures the main idea (10-G.1)
      • Identify thesis statements (10-G.2)

    • C.9-10.2b Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting, graphics and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

      • Order topics from broadest to narrowest (10-F.1)
      • Organize information by main idea (10-F.2)
      • Choose the topic sentence that best captures the main idea (10-G.1)

    • C.9-10.2c Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.

      • Distinguish facts from opinions (10-H.1)
      • Identify stronger and weaker evidence to support a claim (10-H.2)
      • Choose the best evidence to support a claim (10-H.3)
      • Identify supporting evidence in a text (10-H.4)

    • C.9-10.2d Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.

      • Transition logically between claims, evidence, analysis, and counterclaims (10-H.7)
      • Transitions with conjunctive adverbs (10-K.1)
      • Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions (10-EE.1)

    • C.9-10.2e Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.

      • Choose the word whose connotation and denotation best match the sentence (10-S.1)
      • Use words accurately and precisely (10-S.2)

    • C.9-10.2f Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.

      • Which text is most formal? (10-B.1)
      • Compare passages for subjective and objective tone (10-B.2)

    • C.9-10.2g Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.

    • C.9-10.2h Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

      • Organize information by main idea (10-F.2)
      • Avoid double, illogical, and unclear comparisons (10-K.2)
      • Use parallel structure (10-K.4)
      • Remove redundant words or phrases (10-K.5)
      • Rewrite the sentence in active voice (10-L.2)
      • Use the correct frequently confused word (10-M.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with frequently confused words (10-M.2)
      • Identify and correct errors with frequently confused pronouns and contractions (10-M.3)
      • Correct errors with commonly misspelled words (10-M.4)
      • Correct errors with signs (10-M.5)
      • Correct errors in everyday use (10-M.6)
      • Suggest appropriate revisions (10-M.7)
      • Identify plagiarism (10-N.4)
      • Identify and correct errors with homophones (10-Q.2)
      • Identify sentence fragments (10-W.2)
      • Identify run-on sentences (10-W.3)
      • Choose punctuation to avoid fragments and run-ons (10-W.4)
      • Combine sentences using relative clauses (10-X.6)
      • Identify and correct errors with subject and object pronouns (10-Z.1)
      • Identify and correct pronoun errors with "who" (10-Z.4)
      • Identify vague pronoun references (10-Z.7)
      • Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person (10-Z.9)
      • Identify and correct errors with subject-verb agreement (10-BB.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with indefinite pronoun-verb agreement (10-BB.2)
      • Identify and correct verb agreement with compound subjects (10-BB.3)
      • Identify and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense (10-CC.3)
      • Commas: review (10-HH.5)
      • Semicolons, colons, and commas: review (10-II.3)
      • Decide whether ellipses are used appropriately (10-JJ.3)
      • Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns (10-KK.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with compound and joint possession (10-KK.2)
      • Correct capitalization errors (10-LL.1)
      • Formatting quotations and dialogue (10-MM.1)

  • C.9-10.3 Use narratives strategically in other modes of writing, utilizing effective technique, well-chosen details and well-structured sequences for an intended purpose, including but not limited to introducing an idea and/or supporting a claim.

    • C.9-10.3a Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task and purpose.

    • C.9-10.3b Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.

      • Identify the narrative point of view (10-C.1)

    • C.9-10.3c Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events and/or characters.

      • Use personification (10-J.1)

    • C.9-10.3d Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.

    • C.9-10.3e Use precise words and phrases, telling details and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting and/or characters.

      • Compare passages for tone (10-B.4)
      • Choose the word whose connotation and denotation best match the sentence (10-S.1)
      • Use words accurately and precisely (10-S.2)
      • Replace words using a thesaurus (10-S.3)
      • Explore words with new or contested usages (10-S.4)

    • C.9-10.3f Provide a conclusion that explicitly connects the narrative's relevance to the intended purpose of the writing.

    • C.9-10.3g Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

      • Organize information by main idea (10-F.2)
      • Avoid double, illogical, and unclear comparisons (10-K.2)
      • Use parallel structure (10-K.4)
      • Remove redundant words or phrases (10-K.5)
      • Rewrite the sentence in active voice (10-L.2)
      • Use the correct frequently confused word (10-M.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with frequently confused words (10-M.2)
      • Identify and correct errors with frequently confused pronouns and contractions (10-M.3)
      • Correct errors with commonly misspelled words (10-M.4)
      • Correct errors with signs (10-M.5)
      • Correct errors in everyday use (10-M.6)
      • Suggest appropriate revisions (10-M.7)
      • Identify plagiarism (10-N.4)
      • Identify and correct errors with homophones (10-Q.2)
      • Identify sentence fragments (10-W.2)
      • Identify run-on sentences (10-W.3)
      • Choose punctuation to avoid fragments and run-ons (10-W.4)
      • Combine sentences using relative clauses (10-X.6)
      • Identify and correct errors with subject and object pronouns (10-Z.1)
      • Identify and correct pronoun errors with "who" (10-Z.4)
      • Identify vague pronoun references (10-Z.7)
      • Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person (10-Z.9)
      • Identify and correct errors with subject-verb agreement (10-BB.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with indefinite pronoun-verb agreement (10-BB.2)
      • Identify and correct verb agreement with compound subjects (10-BB.3)
      • Identify and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense (10-CC.3)
      • Commas: review (10-HH.5)
      • Semicolons, colons, and commas: review (10-II.3)
      • Decide whether ellipses are used appropriately (10-JJ.3)
      • Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns (10-KK.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with compound and joint possession (10-KK.2)
      • Correct capitalization errors (10-LL.1)
      • Formatting quotations and dialogue (10-MM.1)

• Production and Distribution of Writing

  • C.9-10.4 Use digital resources to create, publish and update individual or shared products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically. Use a variety of formats to cite sources.

    • Understand a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions) (10-N.1)
    • Recognize the parts of a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions) (10-N.2)
    • Use in-text citations (MLA 8th–9th editions) (10-N.3)

• Research to Build and Present Knowledge

  • C.9-10.5 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

  • C.9-10.6 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

    • Determine the main idea of a passage (10-A.1)
    • Choose the best evidence to support a claim (10-H.3)
    • Identify supporting evidence in a text (10-H.4)
    • Understand a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions) (10-N.1)
    • Recognize the parts of a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions) (10-N.2)
    • Use in-text citations (MLA 8th–9th editions) (10-N.3)
    • Identify plagiarism (10-N.4)

• Range of Writing

  • C.9-10.7 Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of tasks, purposes and audiences.

L.9-10 Language

• Conventions of Standard English

  • L.9-10.1 In both written and oral expression:

    • L.9-10.1a Demonstrate appropriate use of parallel structure.

      • Identify sentences with parallel structure (10-K.3)
      • Use parallel structure (10-K.4)

    • L.9-10.1b Demonstrate appropriate use of various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations.

      • Identify prepositional phrases (10-X.2)
      • Identify appositives and appositive phrases (10-X.3)
      • Identify dependent and independent clauses (10-X.4)
      • Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex? (10-X.5)
      • Combine sentences using relative clauses (10-X.6)
      • Identify participles and what they modify (10-AA.3)
      • Identify gerunds and their functions (10-AA.4)
      • Identify infinitives and infinitive phrases (10-AA.5)

  • L.9-10.2 When writing:

    • L.9-10.2a Demonstrate appropriate use of a semicolon with and without a conjunctive adverb to link two or more closely related independent clauses.

      • Transitions with conjunctive adverbs (10-K.1)
      • Use semicolons and commas to separate clauses (10-II.1)

    • L.9-10.2b Demonstrate appropriate use of a colon to introduce a list or quotation.

      • Use semicolons, colons, and commas with lists (10-II.2)

    • L.9-10.2c Demonstrate appropriate use of strategies and resources (print and electronic) to identify and correct spelling errors.

      • Use the correct frequently confused word (10-M.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with frequently confused words (10-M.2)
      • Identify and correct errors with frequently confused pronouns and contractions (10-M.3)
      • Correct errors with commonly misspelled words (10-M.4)
      • Use the correct homophone (10-Q.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with homophones (10-Q.2)
      • Form and use plurals: review (10-Y.1)
      • Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives (10-DD.2)
      • Form and use comparative and superlative adverbs (10-DD.4)
      • Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns (10-KK.1)
      • Identify and correct errors with compound and joint possession (10-KK.2)

• Knowledge of Language

  • L.9-10.3 Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.

    • L.9-10.3a Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual appropriate for the discipline and writing type.

      • Understand a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions) (10-N.1)
      • Recognize the parts of a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions) (10-N.2)
      • Use in-text citations (MLA 8th–9th editions) (10-N.3)

• Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

  • L.9-10.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9-10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.

    • L.9-10.4a Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph or text; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

      • Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source (10-C.2)
      • Interpret figures of speech (10-C.4)
      • Use context as a clue to the meanings of foreign expressions (10-R.2)
      • Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context (10-U.1)
      • Determine the meaning of words using antonyms in context (10-U.2)
      • Use context to identify the meaning of a word (10-U.3)

    • L.9-10.4b Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.

      • Word pattern analogies (10-O.1)
      • Word pattern sentences (10-O.2)

    • L.9-10.4c Consult general and specialized reference materials to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.

      • Use dictionary entries (10-V.1)
      • Use dictionary definitions (10-V.2)
      • Use thesaurus entries (10-V.4)

    • L.9-10.4d Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking and listening in order to be transition ready; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.

      • Words with pre- (10-O.3)
      • Words with re- (10-O.4)
      • Words with sub- (10-O.5)
      • Words with mis- (10-O.6)
      • Words with un-, dis-, in-, im-, and non- (10-O.7)
      • Words with -ful (10-O.8)
      • Words with -less (10-O.9)
      • Words with -able and -ible (10-O.10)
      • Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots (10-P.1)
      • Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words (10-P.2)
      • Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots (10-P.3)
      • Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots (10-P.4)
      • Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots (10-P.5)
      • Use etymologies to determine the meanings of words (10-R.1)
      • Use context as a clue to the meanings of foreign expressions (10-R.2)
      • Use the correct foreign expression (10-R.3)
      • Choose the word whose connotation and denotation best match the sentence (10-S.1)
      • Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context (10-U.1)
      • Determine the meaning of words using antonyms in context (10-U.2)
      • Use context to identify the meaning of a word (10-U.3)

  • L.9-10.5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

    • L.9-10.5a Interpret figures of speech in context, including but not limited to euphemism and oxymoron, and analyze their rhetorical function in the text.

      • Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source (10-C.2)
      • Interpret figures of speech (10-C.4)
      • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1 (10-E.5)
      • Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2 (10-E.6)

    • L.9-10.5b Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.

      • Choose the word whose connotation and denotation best match the sentence (10-S.1)
      • Use words accurately and precisely (10-S.2)