The NGSS in Kentucky

PS1 Matter and Its Interactions

• PS1.A Structure and Properties of Matter

  • HS-PS1-1 Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

    • Count subatomic particles in atoms and ions (Ch-G.1)
    • Identify the electron configuration of an atom or ion (Ch-I.)
    • Periodic trends: Ionization energy (Ch-J.1)
    • Introduction to chemical bonding (Ch-K.1)
    • Determine which type of chemical bond can form (Ch-K.2)

  • HS-PS1-2 Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.

    • Classify chemical reactions (Ch-Q.1)

  • HS-PS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the macro and micro scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.

    • Explore intermolecular forces and kinetic energy in phase diagrams (Ch-N.1)

  • HS-PS1-4 Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

    • Identify exothermic and endothermic processes (Ch-E.1)

• PS1.B Chemical Reactions

  • HS-PS1-5 Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

    • Factors that affect reaction rate (Ch-U.1)

  • HS-PS1-6 Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.

    • Predict the equilibrium shift (Ch-V.1)

  • HS-PS1-7 Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

    • Calculate molar mass (Ch-O.1)
    • Convert between mass and moles of a substance (Ch-O.2)
    • Count atoms in chemical reactions using models (Ch-P.1)
    • Count atoms in chemical equations (Ch-P.2)
    • Balance chemical equations I (Ch-P.3)
    • Determine mole ratios (Ch-R.1)
    • Calculate the mass of a reactant or product (Ch-R.2)
    • Calculate the volume of a gaseous reactant or product at STP (Ch-R.3)

• PS1.C Nuclear Processes

  • HS-PS1-8 Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

    • Classify nuclear reactions (Ch-H.1)

PS3 Energy

• PS3.A Definitions of Energy

  • HS-PS3-1 Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

    • Calculations involving specific heat (Ch-F.1)

  • HS-PS3-3 Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

• PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer

  • HS-PS3-4 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

LS1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

• LS1.C Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms

  • HS-LS1-5 Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.

    • The chemistry of photosynthesis (B-G.1)

  • HS-LS1-6 Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules.

    • Structure and function: carbohydrates (B-C.1)
    • Structure and function: lipids (B-C.2)
    • Structure and function: proteins (B-C.3)
    • Structure and function: nucleic acids (B-C.4)
    • Identify the structures and functions of biomolecules (B-C.5)
    • Compare the structures and functions of biomolecules (B-C.6)

  • HS-LS1-7 Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed, resulting in a net transfer of energy.

    • The chemistry of cellular respiration (B-G.2)