Nebraska

SC.HS.1 Forces and Interactions

• SC.HS.1.1 Gather, analyze, and communicate evidence of forces and interactions.

  • SC.HS.1.1.a Analyze data to support the claim that Newton's Second Law of Motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

    • Newton's laws of motion (Ph-F.1)
    • Newton's first law of motion (Ph-F.2)
    • Newton's second law of motion (Ph-F.3)

  • SC.HS.1.1.b Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

    • Conservation of momentum (Ph-G.1)

  • SC.HS.1.1.c Apply science and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

  • SC.HS.1.1.d Use mathematical representations of Newton's Law of Gravitation and Coulomb's Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects.

    • Newton's law of universal gravitation (Ph-I.2)
    • Coulomb's law: electrostatic forces (Ph-P.1)

  • SC.HS.1.1.e Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electrical current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electrical current.

    • Magnets and magnetism (Ph-R.1)

SC.HS.2 Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation

• SC.HS.2.2 Gather, analyze, and communicate evidence of the interactions of waves.

  • SC.HS.2.2.a Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

    • Waves on strings (Ph-L.1)
    • Properties of electromagnetic waves (Ph-N.1)

  • SC.HS.2.2.b Evaluate claims about the advantages of digital transmission and storage of information.

  • SC.HS.2.2.c Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model, and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.

  • SC.HS.2.2.d Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.

  • SC.HS.2.2.e Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.

SC.HS.3 Structure and Properties of Matter

• SC.HS.3.3 Gather, analyze, and communicate evidence of the structure, properties, and interactions of matter.

  • SC.HS.3.3.a Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

    • Count subatomic particles in atoms and ions (Ch-G.1)
    • Identify the electron configuration of an atom or ion (Ch-I.)
    • Periodic trends: Ionization energy (Ch-J.1)
    • Introduction to chemical bonding (Ch-K.1)
    • Determine which type of chemical bond can form (Ch-K.2)

  • SC.HS.3.3.b Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the macro scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.

    • Explore intermolecular forces and kinetic energy in phase diagrams (Ch-N.1)

  • SC.HS.3.3.c Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

    • Classify nuclear reactions (Ch-H.1)

  • SC.HS.3.3.d Communicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.

SC.HS.4 Energy

• SC.HS.4.4 Gather, analyze, and communicate evidence of the interactions of energy.

  • SC.HS.4.4.a Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

    • Conservation of mechanical energy (Ph-H.1)

  • SC.HS.4.4.b Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motion of particles (objects) and energy associated with the relative positions of particles (objects).

    • Conservation of mechanical energy (Ph-H.1)

  • SC.HS.4.4.c Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

    • Energy transformation (4-I.1)

  • SC.HS.4.4.d Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.

  • SC.HS.4.4.e Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

    • Calculations involving specific heat (Ph-J.1)

  • SC.HS.4.4.f Develop and use a model of two objects interacting through electrical or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction.

    • Coulomb's law: electrostatic forces (Ph-P.1)

SC.HS.5 Chemical Reactions

• SC.HS.5.5 Gather, analyze, and communicate evidence of chemical reactions.

  • SC.HS.5.5.a Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.

    • Classify chemical reactions (Ch-Q.1)

  • SC.HS.5.5.b Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends on the changes in total bond energy.

    • Identify exothermic and endothermic processes (Ch-E.1)

  • SC.HS.5.5.c Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

    • Factors that affect reaction rate (Ch-U.1)

  • SC.HS.5.5.d Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.

    • Predict the equilibrium shift (Ch-V.1)

  • SC.HS.5.5.e Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.

  • SC.HS.5.5.f Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

    • Calculate molar mass (Ch-O.1)
    • Convert between mass and moles of a substance (Ch-O.2)
    • Convert between volume and moles of a gas at STP (Ch-O.)
    • Count atoms in chemical reactions using models (Ch-P.1)
    • Count atoms in chemical equations (Ch-P.2)
    • Balance chemical equations I (Ch-P.3)
    • Determine mole ratios (Ch-R.1)
    • Calculate the mass of a reactant or product (Ch-R.2)
    • Calculate the volume of a gaseous reactant or product at STP (Ch-R.3)
    • Identify a limiting reactant and calculate the amount of a product (Ch-R.)