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Skills available for Alaska fifth-grade math standards

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5.OA Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Write and interpret numerical expressions.
- 5.OA.1 Use parentheses to construct numerical expressions, and evaluate numerical expressions with these symbols.
- 5.OA.2 Write simple expressions that record calculations with numbers, and interpret numerical expressions without evaluating them.
  - Write numerical expressions: one operation (5-O.3)
  - Write numerical expressions: two operations (5-O.4)
Analyze patterns and relationships.
- 5.OA.3 Generate two numerical patterns using two given rules. Identify apparent relationships between corresponding terms. Form ordered pairs consisting of corresponding terms from the two patterns, and graph the ordered pairs on a coordinate plane.

5.NBT Number and Operations in Base Ten

Understand the place value system.
- 5.NBT.1 Recognize that in a multi-digit number, a digit in one place represents 10 times as much as it represents in the place to its right and 1/10 of what it represents in the place to its left.
- 5.NBT.2 Explain and extend the patterns in the number of zeros of the product when multiplying a number by powers of 10, and explain and extend the patterns in the placement of the decimal point when a decimal is multiplied or divided by a power of 10. Use whole-number exponents to denote powers of 10.
- 5.NBT.3 Read, write, and compare decimals to thousandths.
  - 5.NBT.3.a Read and write decimals to thousandths using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form [e.g., 347.392 = 3 x 100 + 4 x 10 + 7 x 1 + 3 (1/10) + 9 (1/100) + 2 (1/1000)].
  - 5.NBT.3.b Compare two decimals to thousandths place based on meanings of the digits in each place, using >, =, and < symbols to record the results of comparisons.
- 5.NBT.4 Use place values understanding to round decimals to any place.
  - Round decimals (5-G.10)
  - Estimate sums and differences of decimals using rounding (5-H.9)
Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.
- 5.NBT.5 Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using a standard algorithm.
- 5.NBT.6 Find whole-number quotients of whole numbers with up to four-digit dividends and two-digit divisors, using strategies based on place value, the properties of operations, and/or the relationship between multiplication and division. Illustrate and explain the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays, number lines, real life situations, and/or area models.
- 5.NBT.7 Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between the operations. Relate the strategy to a written method and explain their reasoning in getting their answers.

5.NF Number and Operations—Fractions

Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.
- 5.NF.1 Add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators (including mixed numbers) by replacing given fractions with equivalent fractions in such a way as to produce an equivalent sum or difference of fractions with like denominators.
- 5.NF.2 Solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions referring to the same whole, including cases of unlike denominators (e.g., by using visual fraction models or equations to represent the problem). Use benchmark fractions and number sense of fractions to estimate mentally and check the reasonableness of answers.
Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.
- 5.NF.3 Interpret a fraction as division of the numerator by the denominator (a/b = a ÷ b). Solve word problems involving division of whole numbers leading to answers in the form of fractions or mixed numbers (e.g., by using visual fraction models or equations to represent the problem).
- 5.NF.4 Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.
  - 5.NF.4.a Interpret the product (a/b) × q as a parts of a partition of q into b equal parts; equivalently, as the result of a sequence of operations a × q ÷ b.
  - 5.NF.4.b Find the area of a rectangle with fractional side lengths by tiling it with unit squares of the appropriate unit fraction side lengths, and show that the area is the same as would be found by multiplying the side lengths. Multiply fractional side lengths to find areas of rectangles, and represent fraction products as rectangular areas.
- 5.NF.5 Interpret multiplication as scaling (resizing), by:
  - 5.NF.5.a Comparing the size of a product to the size of one factor on the basis of the size of the other factor, without performing the indicated multiplication.
  - 5.NF.5.b Explaining why multiplying a given number by a fraction greater than 1 results in a product greater than the given number (recognizing multiplication by whole numbers greater than 1 as a familiar case); explaining why multiplying a given number by a fraction less than 1 results in a product smaller than the given number; and relating the principle of fraction equivalence a/b = (n × a)/(n × b) to the effect of multiplying a/b by 1. (Division of a fraction by a fraction is not a requirement at this grade.)
    - Multiply two fractions using models (5-M.20)
    - Scaling whole numbers by fractions: justify your answer (5-M.23)
- 5.NF.6 Solve real-world problems involving multiplication of fractions and mixed numbers (e.g., by using visual fraction models or equations to represent the problem).
- 5.NF.7 Apply and extend previous understandings of division to divide unit fractions by whole numbers and whole numbers by unit fractions.
  - 5.NF.7.a Interpret division of a unit fraction by a nonzero whole number, and compute such quotients.
    - Divide unit fractions by whole numbers using models (5-N.1)
    - Divide unit fractions by whole numbers (5-N.2)
  - 5.NF.7.b Interpret division of a whole number by a unit fraction, and compute such quotients.
  - 5.NF.7.c Solve real-world problems involving division of unit fractions by non-zero whole numbers and division of whole numbers by unit fractions (e.g., by using visual fraction models and equations to represent the problem).
    - Divide unit fractions and whole numbers: word problems (5-N.7)

5.MD Measurement and Data

Convert like measurement units within a given measurement system and solve problems involving time.
- 5.MD.1 Identify, estimate measure, and convert equivalent measures within systems English length (inches, feet, yards, miles) weight (ounces, pounds, tons) volume (fluid ounces, cups, pints, quarts, gallons) temperature (Fahrenheit) Metric length (millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers) volume (milliliters, liters), temperature (Celsius), (e.g., convert 5 cm to 0.05 m), and use these conversions in solving multi-step, real-world problems using appropriate tools.
- 5.MD.2 Solve real-world problems involving elapsed time between world time zones.
Represent and interpret data.
- 5.MD.3 Make a line plot to display a data set of measurements in fractions of a unit (1/2, 1/4, 1/8). Solve problems involving information presented in line plots.
  - Create and interpret line plots with fractions (5-V.11)
- 5.MD.4 Explain the classification of data from real-world problems shown in graphical representations including the use of terms mean and median with a given set of data.
  - Interpret charts and graphs to find the mean (5-W.9)
  - Interpret charts and graphs to find the median (5-W.10)
Geometric measurement: understand concepts of volume and relate volume to multiplication and to addition.
- 5.MD.5 Recognize volume as an attribute of solid figures and understand concepts of volume measurement.
  - 5.MD.5.a A cube with side length 1 unit, called a "unit cube," is said to have "one cubic unit" of volume, and can be used to measure volume.
    - Volume of rectangular prisms made of unit cubes (5-DD.13)
  - 5.MD.5.b A solid figure that can be packed without gaps or overlaps using n unit cubes is said to have a volume of n cubic units.
    - Volume of rectangular prisms made of unit cubes (5-DD.13)
- 5.MD.6 Estimate and measure volumes by counting unit cubes, using cubic cm, cubic in, cubic ft, and non-standard units.
  - Volume of rectangular prisms made of unit cubes (5-DD.13)
- 5.MD.7 Relate volume to the operations of multiplication and addition and solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume.
  - 5.MD.7.a Estimate and find the volume of a right rectangular prism with whole-number side lengths by packing it with unit cubes, and show that the volume is the same as would be found by multiplying the edge lengths, equivalently by multiplying the height by the area of the base. Demonstrate the associative property of multiplication by using the product of three whole numbers to find volumes (length x width x height).
    - Volume of rectangular prisms made of unit cubes (5-DD.13)
    - Relationship between volume and the area of the base: word problems (5-DD.17)
  - 5.MD.7.b Apply the formulas V = l × w × h and V = b × h for rectangular prisms to find volumes of right rectangular prisms with whole number edge lengths in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.
  - 5.MD.7.c Recognize volume as additive. Find volumes of solid figures composed of two non-overlapping right rectangular prisms by adding the volumes of the non-overlapping parts, applying this technique to solve real-world problems.
    - Volume of compound figures (5-DD.16)

5.G Geometry

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.
- 5.G.1 Use a pair of perpendicular number lines, called axes, to define a coordinate system, with the intersection of the lines (the origin) arranged to coincide with the 0 on each line and a given point in the plane located by using an ordered pair of numbers, called its coordinates. Understand that the first number indicates how far to travel from the origin in the direction of one axis, and the second number indicates how far to travel in the direction of the second axis, with the convention that the names of the two axes and the coordinates correspond (e.g., x-axis and xcoordinate, y-axis and y-coordinate).
  - Describe the coordinate plane (5-T.1)
  - Objects on a coordinate plane (5-T.2)
- 5.G.2 Represent real-world and mathematical problems by graphing points in the first quadrant of the coordinate plane, and interpret coordinate values of points in the context of the situation.
Classify two-dimensional (plane) figures into categories based on their properties.
- 5.G.3 Understand that attributes belonging to a category of two-dimensional (plane) figures also belong to all subcategories of that category.
- 5.G.4 Classify two-dimensional (plane) figures in a hierarchy based on attributes and properties.

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5.OA Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Write and interpret numerical expressions.

5.OA.1 Use parentheses to construct numerical expressions, and evaluate numerical expressions with these symbols.

5.OA.2 Write simple expressions that record calculations with numbers, and interpret numerical expressions without evaluating them.

Analyze patterns and relationships.

5.OA.3 Generate two numerical patterns using two given rules. Identify apparent relationships between corresponding terms. Form ordered pairs consisting of corresponding terms from the two patterns, and graph the ordered pairs on a coordinate plane.

5.NBT Number and Operations in Base Ten

Understand the place value system.

5.NBT.1 Recognize that in a multi-digit number, a digit in one place represents 10 times as much as it represents in the place to its right and 1/10 of what it represents in the place to its left.

5.NBT.3 Read, write, and compare decimals to thousandths.

5.NBT.3.a Read and write decimals to thousandths using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form [e.g., 347.392 = 3 x 100 + 4 x 10 + 7 x 1 + 3 (1/10) + 9 (1/100) + 2 (1/1000)].

5.NBT.3.b Compare two decimals to thousandths place based on meanings of the digits in each place, using >, =, and < symbols to record the results of comparisons.

5.NBT.4 Use place values understanding to round decimals to any place.

Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and with decimals to hundredths.

5.NBT.5 Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using a standard algorithm.

5.NF Number and Operations—Fractions

Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions.

5.NF.1 Add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators (including mixed numbers) by replacing given fractions with equivalent fractions in such a way as to produce an equivalent sum or difference of fractions with like denominators.

Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions.

5.NF.3 Interpret a fraction as division of the numerator by the denominator (a/b = a ÷ b). Solve word problems involving division of whole numbers leading to answers in the form of fractions or mixed numbers (e.g., by using visual fraction models or equations to represent the problem).

5.NF.4 Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a fraction or whole number by a fraction.

5.NF.4.a Interpret the product (a/b) × q as a parts of a partition of q into b equal parts; equivalently, as the result of a sequence of operations a × q ÷ b.

5.NF.5 Interpret multiplication as scaling (resizing), by:

5.NF.5.a Comparing the size of a product to the size of one factor on the basis of the size of the other factor, without performing the indicated multiplication.

5.NF.6 Solve real-world problems involving multiplication of fractions and mixed numbers (e.g., by using visual fraction models or equations to represent the problem).

5.NF.7 Apply and extend previous understandings of division to divide unit fractions by whole numbers and whole numbers by unit fractions.

5.NF.7.a Interpret division of a unit fraction by a nonzero whole number, and compute such quotients.

5.NF.7.b Interpret division of a whole number by a unit fraction, and compute such quotients.

5.NF.7.c Solve real-world problems involving division of unit fractions by non-zero whole numbers and division of whole numbers by unit fractions (e.g., by using visual fraction models and equations to represent the problem).

5.MD Measurement and Data

Convert like measurement units within a given measurement system and solve problems involving time.

5.MD.2 Solve real-world problems involving elapsed time between world time zones.

Represent and interpret data.

5.MD.3 Make a line plot to display a data set of measurements in fractions of a unit (1/2, 1/4, 1/8). Solve problems involving information presented in line plots.

5.MD.4 Explain the classification of data from real-world problems shown in graphical representations including the use of terms mean and median with a given set of data.

Geometric measurement: understand concepts of volume and relate volume to multiplication and to addition.

5.MD.5 Recognize volume as an attribute of solid figures and understand concepts of volume measurement.

5.MD.5.a A cube with side length 1 unit, called a "unit cube," is said to have "one cubic unit" of volume, and can be used to measure volume.

5.MD.5.b A solid figure that can be packed without gaps or overlaps using n unit cubes is said to have a volume of n cubic units.

5.MD.6 Estimate and measure volumes by counting unit cubes, using cubic cm, cubic in, cubic ft, and non-standard units.

5.MD.7 Relate volume to the operations of multiplication and addition and solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume.

5.MD.7.b Apply the formulas V = l × w × h and V = b × h for rectangular prisms to find volumes of right rectangular prisms with whole number edge lengths in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.

5.MD.7.c Recognize volume as additive. Find volumes of solid figures composed of two non-overlapping right rectangular prisms by adding the volumes of the non-overlapping parts, applying this technique to solve real-world problems.

5.G Geometry

Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

5.G.2 Represent real-world and mathematical problems by graphing points in the first quadrant of the coordinate plane, and interpret coordinate values of points in the context of the situation.

Classify two-dimensional (plane) figures into categories based on their properties.

5.G.3 Understand that attributes belonging to a category of two-dimensional (plane) figures also belong to all subcategories of that category.

5.G.4 Classify two-dimensional (plane) figures in a hierarchy based on attributes and properties.