Missouri

PS2 Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

• PS2.A Forces and Motion

  • 9-12.PS2.A.1 Analyze data to support and verify the concepts expressed by Newton's 2nd law of motion, as it describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

    • Newton's laws of motion (Ph-F.1)
    • Newton's first law of motion (Ph-F.2)
    • Newton's second law of motion (Ph-F.3)

  • 9-12.PS2.A.2 Use mathematical representations to support and verify the concepts that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

    • Conservation of momentum (Ph-G.1)

  • 9-12.PS2.A.3 Apply scientific principles of motion and momentum to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

• PS2.B Types of Interaction

  • 9-12.PS2.B.1 Use mathematical representations of Newton's Law of Gravitation to describe and predict the gravitational forces between objects.

    • Newton's law of universal gravitation (Ph-I.2)
    • Coulomb's law: electrostatic forces (Ph-P.1)

  • 9-12.PS2.B.2 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.

    • Magnets and magnetism (Ph-R.1)

PS3 Energy

• PS3.A Definitions of Energy

  • 9-12.PS3.A.1 Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the changes in energy are known.

    • Conservation of mechanical energy (Ph-H.1)

  • 9-12.PS3.A.2 Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motions of particles (objects) and energy associated with the relative position of particles (objects).

    • Conservation of mechanical energy (Ph-H.1)

  • 9-12.PS3.A.3 Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

• PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer

  • 9-12.PS3.B.1 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

    • Calculations involving specific heat (Ph-J.1)

• PS3.C Relationship Between Energy and Forces

  • 9-12.PS3.C.1 Develop and use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction.

    • Coulomb's law: electrostatic forces (Ph-P.1)

PS4 Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

• PS4.A Wave Properties

  • 9-12.PS4.A.1 Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

    • Waves on strings (Ph-L.1)
    • Properties of electromagnetic waves (Ph-N.1)

  • 9-12.PS4.A.2 Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model, and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.

• PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation

  • 9-12.PS4.B.1 Communicate technical information about how electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter.

  • 9-12.PS4.B.2 Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.