Virginia

Force, Motion, and Energy

• 5.2 The student will investigate and understand that energy can take many forms. Key ideas include:

  • 5.2.a energy is the ability to do work or to cause change

  • 5.2.b there are many different forms of energy

  • 5.2.c energy can be transformed

    • Energy transformation (5-H.1)

  • 5.2.d energy is conserved

• 5.3 The student will investigate and understand that there is a relationship between force and energy of moving objects. Key ideas include:

  • 5.3.a moving objects have kinetic energy

    • How are speed and energy related? (5-F.4)

  • 5.3.b motion is described by an object's direction and speed

    • Identify directions of forces (5-F.1)

  • 5.3.c changes in motion are related to net force and mass

    • How does mass affect force and acceleration? (5-F.3)

  • 5.3.d when objects collide, the contact forces transfer energy and can change objects' motion

  • 5.3.e friction is a force that opposes motion

• 5.4 The student will investigate and understand that electricity is transmitted and used in daily life. Key ideas include:

  • 5.4.a electricity flows easily through conductors but not insulators

    • Conductors and insulators (5-I.2)

  • 5.4.b electricity flows through closed circuits

    • Electric circuits (5-I.1)

  • 5.4.c static electricity can be generated by rubbing certain materials together

  • 5.4.d electrical energy can be transformed into radiant, mechanical, and thermal energy

    • Energy transformation (5-H.1)
    • Electric circuits (5-I.1)

  • 5.4.e a current flowing through a wire creates a magnetic field

• 5.5 The student will investigate and understand that sound can be produced and transmitted. Key ideas include:

  • 5.5.a sound is produced when an object or substance vibrates

  • 5.5.b sound is the transfer of energy

  • 5.5.c different media transmit sound differently

  • 5.5.d sound waves have many uses and applications

• 5.6 The student will investigate and understand that visible light has certain characteristics and behaves in predictable ways. Key ideas include:

  • 5.6.a visible light is radiant energy that moves in transverse waves

  • 5.6.b the visible spectrum includes light with different wavelengths

  • 5.6.c matter influences the path of light

    • How does light travel and interact with matter? (5-J.1)

  • 5.6.d radiant energy can be transformed into thermal, mechanical, and electrical energy

    • Energy transformation (5-H.1)

Matter

• 5.7 The student will investigate and understand that matter has properties and interactions. Key ideas include:

  • 5.7.a matter is composed of atoms

  • 5.7.b substances can be mixed together without changes in their physical properties

    • Identify mixtures (5-D.3)

  • 5.7.c energy has an effect on the phases of matter

    • Change-of-state diagrams: melting, freezing, evaporating, and condensing (5-C.1)
    • Change-of-state diagrams: melting, freezing, evaporating, condensing, and sublimating (5-C.2)
    • Heating, cooling, and changes of state (5-C.3)

Earth and Space Systems

• 5.8 The student will investigate and understand that Earth constantly changes. Key ideas include:

  • 5.8.a Earth's internal energy causes movement of material within the Earth

  • 5.8.b plate tectonics describe movement of the crust

    • Label Earth features at tectonic plate boundaries (6-BB.4)
    • Describe tectonic plate boundaries around the world (6-BB.5)

  • 5.8.c the rock cycle models the transformation of rocks

    • Label parts of rock cycle diagrams (5-T.6)
    • Select parts of rock cycle diagrams (5-T.7)

  • 5.8.d processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition change the surface of the Earth

    • Changes to Earth's surface: erosion (5-T.2)
    • How do rock layers form? (5-T.5)

  • 5.8.e fossils and geologic patterns provide evidence of Earth's change

    • Introduction to fossils (5-U.1)
    • Identify and classify fossils (5-U.2)
    • Compare fossils to modern organisms (5-U.3)
    • Interpret evidence from fossils in rock layers (5-U.5)

Earth Resources

• 5.9 The student will investigate and understand that the conservation of energy resources is important. Key ideas include:

  • 5.9.a some sources of energy are considered renewable and others are not

    • Evaluate natural energy sources (5-S.2)

  • 5.9.b individuals and communities have means of conserving both energy and matter

  • 5.9.c advances in technology improve the ability to transfer and transform energy