Arizona

4.SP Disciplinary Skills and Processes

• Chronological reasoning requires understanding processes of change and continuity over time, which means assessing similarities and differences between historical periods and between the past and present.

  • 4.SP1.1 Create and use a chronological sequence of related events to compare developments that happened at the same time.

    • Reading and creating timelines with BCE and CE (4-Q.2)

  • 4.SP1.2 Compare life in specific historical time periods to life today.

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
    • Jamestown: growth of a colony (4-A.2)
    • Plymouth (4-A.3)
    • The Lewis and Clark Expedition (4-C.2)
    • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)
    • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (4-C.6)
    • The Great Depression: part I (4-E.5)
    • The Great Depression: part II (4-E.6)
    • The New Deal (4-E.7)

  • 4.SP1.3 Generate questions about individuals and groups who have shaped significant historical events.

• Thinking within the discipline involves the ability to identify, compare, and evaluate multiple perspectives about a given event to draw conclusions about that event since there are multiple points of view about events and issues.

  • 4.SP2.1 Explain why individuals and groups during the same historical period differed in their perspectives on issues and events.

  • 4.SP2.2 Explain connections among historical contexts and people's perspectives at the time.

• Historians and Social Scientists gather, interpret, and use evidence to develop claims and answer historical, economic, geographical, and political questions and communicate their conclusions.

  • 4.SP3.1 Develop questions about events and developments in the Americas.

  • 4.SP3.2 Compare information provided by various sources about events and developments in the Americas.

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
    • Jamestown: growth of a colony (4-A.2)
    • Plymouth (4-A.3)
    • New England colonies: religion and government (4-A.4)
    • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)
    • Middle colonies: founding and government (4-A.6)
    • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
    • Southern colonies: founding and government (4-A.8)
    • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)
    • The American Revolution: the Thirteen Colonies under British rule (4-B.1)
    • The American Revolution: New British taxes (4-B.2)

  • 4.SP3.3 Generate questions about multiple sources and their relationships to events and developments in the Americas.

  • 4.SP3.4 Use information about a source including the author, date, place of origin, intended audience, and purpose to evaluate the extent to which the source is useful for studying a topic.

  • 4.SP3.5 Construct and present arguments and explanations using reasoning, examples, and details with relevant information and data from multiple sources.

    • Identify facts and opinions (4-Q.1)

  • 4.SP3.6 Present summaries of arguments and explanations using print, oral, and digital technologies.

• Thinking within the discipline involves the ability to analyze relationships among causes and effects and to create and support arguments using relevant evidence.

  • 4.SP4.1 Explain probable causes and effects of events and developments.

    • The American Revolution: the Thirteen Colonies under British rule (4-B.1)
    • The American Revolution: New British taxes (4-B.2)
    • The American Revolution: the Boston Tea Party (4-B.3)
    • The American Revolution: the rebellion begins (4-B.4)
    • The American Revolution: preparing for war (4-B.5)
    • The American Revolution: struggle for independence (4-B.6)
    • The American Revolution: turning the tide of the war (4-B.7)
    • The American Revolution: conclusion and aftermath (4-B.8)
    • The War of 1812: causes (4-C.3)
    • The War of 1812: events and effects (4-C.4)
    • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)
    • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (4-C.6)
    • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part I (4-C.7)
    • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part II (4-C.8)
    • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (4-D.1)
    • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (4-D.2)
    • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (4-D.3)
    • The Civil War: the end of the war (4-D.4)
    • Reconstruction (4-D.5)
    • World War I: the road to war (4-E.1)
    • World War I: the war begins (4-E.2)
    • World War I: events of the war (4-E.3)
    • World War I: the road to peace (4-E.4)
    • The Great Depression: part I (4-E.5)
    • The Great Depression: part II (4-E.6)
    • The New Deal (4-E.7)
    • World War II: lead-up to war in Europe, Asia (4-E.8)
    • World War II: global events (4-E.9)

  • 4.SP4.2 Summarize the central claim in a secondary work of history.

  • 4.SP4.3 Use evidence from multiple sources to develop and communicate claims about the causes and effects of events.

4.C Civics

• Civic virtues and democratic principles are key components of the American political system.

  • 4.C1.1 Analyze civic virtues and democratic principles or lack thereof within a variety of government structures, societies, and/or communities within the Americas.

    • Purpose of government (3-E.1)
    • Local government (4-K.1)
    • State government (4-K.2)
    • Federal government (4-K.3)
    • The Constitution (4-K.4)
    • The Bill of Rights (4-K.5)
    • Checks and balances (4-K.6)
    • Presidential elections (4-K.7)

• Citizens have individual rights, roles, and responsibilities.

  • 4.C2.1 Use primary and secondary sources to generate questions about the concepts and ideas such as liberty, justice, equality, and individual rights.

4.E Economics

• By applying economic reasoning, individuals seek to understand the decisions of people, groups, and societies.

  • 4.E2.1 Examine concepts of scarcity, choice, opportunity cost, and risk.

    • What is economics? (4-N.1)
    • Costs and benefits (4-N.2)
    • Opportunity cost (4-N.3)
    • Understand quantity supplied and quantity demanded (4-P.1)
    • Understand overall supply and demand (4-P.2)
    • Create and use supply and demand curves (4-P.3)
    • Identify shortage and surplus (4-P.4)
    • Identify shortage and surplus with graphs (4-P.5)
    • Identify shortage and surplus with data (4-P.6)

• Individuals and institutions are interdependent within market systems.

  • 4.E3.1 Compare different industries, occupations, and resources as well as different forms of income earned or received that have shaped the Americas.

    • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)
    • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
    • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)
    • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)

4.G Geography

• The use of geographic representations and tools help individuals understand their world.

  • 4.G1.1 Use and construct maps and graphs to represent changes in the Americas over time.

    • Identify the Thirteen Colonies (4-A.10)
    • Select the Thirteen Colonies (4-A.11)
    • Name the Thirteen Colonies (4-A.12)
    • The Louisiana Purchase (4-C.1)
    • The Lewis and Clark Expedition (4-C.2)
    • Read a map: cardinal directions (4-F.1)
    • Identify lines of latitude and longitude (4-F.2)
    • Use lines of latitude and longitude (4-F.3)

• Human-environment interactions are essential aspects of human life in all societies.

  • 4.G2.1 Compare the diverse ways people or groups of people have impacted, modified, or adapted to the environment of the Americas.

    • Jamestown: growth of a colony (4-A.2)
    • The Golden Gate Bridge (4-L.10)
    • Mount Rushmore (4-L.11)

• Examining human population and movement helps individuals understand past, present, and future conditions on Earth's surface.

  • 4.G3.1 Explain how the location and use of resources affects human settlement and movement.

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
    • Jamestown: growth of a colony (4-A.2)
    • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)
    • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
    • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)

• Global interconnections and spatial patterns are a necessary part of geographic reasoning.

  • 4.G4.1 Explain the positive and negative effects of increasing economic interdependence on distinct groups, countries, and new settlements.

    • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)

4.H History

• The development of civilizations, societies, cultures, and innovations have influenced history and continue to impact the modern world.

  • 4.H1.1 Utilizing a variety of multi-genre primary and secondary sources, construct historical narratives about cultures, civilizations, and innovations in the Americas.

• Cycles of conflict and cooperation have shaped relations among people, places, and environments.

  • 4.H2.1 Describe the cycles of conflict and compromise that occurred in the Americas during the convergence of Europeans, American Indians, and Africans in the Americas before and after European exploration.

    • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)

  • 4.H2.2 Analyze the different approaches used by the Spanish, Portuguese, British, and the French in their interactions with American Indians.

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
    • Jamestown: growth of a colony (4-A.2)
    • Plymouth (4-A.3)
    • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)

• Economic, political, and religious ideas and institutions have influenced history and continue to shape the modern world.

  • 4.H3.1 Examine how economic, political, and religious ideas and institutions have influenced the development of individual rights, freedoms, and responsibilities in the Americas.

    • New England colonies: religion and government (4-A.4)
    • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)
    • Middle colonies: founding and government (4-A.6)
    • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
    • Southern colonies: founding and government (4-A.8)
    • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)