Massachusetts

The Political and Intellectual Origins of the American Nation: The Revolution and The Constitution, 1763-1789

• USI.1 Explain the political and economic factors that contributed to the American Revolution.

  • A the impact on the colonies of the French and Indian War, including how the war led to an overhaul of British imperial policy from 1763 to 1775

    • Causes of the American Revolution: the French and Indian War (8-L.1)
    • Causes of the American Revolution: politics and society (8-L.2)
    • Causes of the American Revolution: introduction to mercantilism and the Navigation Acts (8-L.3)
    • Causes of the American Revolution: new taxes and colonial response (8-L.4)

  • B how freedom from European feudalism and aristocracy and the widespread ownership of property fostered individualism and contributed to the Revolution

• USI.2 Explain the historical and intellectual influences on the American Revolution and the formation and framework of the American government.

  • A the legacy of ancient Greece and Rome

    • The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)

  • B the political theories of such European philosophers as Locke and Montesquieu

    • The Enlightenment: influences on government (8-I.6)

• USI.3 Explain the influence and ideas of the Declaration of Independence and the political philosophy of Thomas Jefferson.

  • Source analysis: the Declaration of Independence (8-L.10)

• USI.4 Analyze how Americans resisted British policies before 1775 and analyze the reasons for the American victory and the British defeat during the Revolutionary war.

  • Causes of the American Revolution: the French and Indian War (8-L.1)
  • Causes of the American Revolution: politics and society (8-L.2)
  • Causes of the American Revolution: introduction to mercantilism and the Navigation Acts (8-L.3)
  • Causes of the American Revolution: new taxes and colonial response (8-L.4)
  • The Revolutionary War: preparing for war (8-L.5)
  • The Revolutionary War: struggle for independence (8-L.6)
  • The Revolutionary War: turning the tide of war (8-L.7)
  • The Revolutionary War: conclusion and aftermath (8-L.8)
  • Source analysis: the Boston Massacre (8-L.9)

• USI.5 Explain the role of Massachusetts in the Revolution, including important events that took place in Massachusetts and important leaders from Massachusetts.

  • A the Boston Massacre

    • Causes of the American Revolution: politics and society (8-L.2)
    • Source analysis: the Boston Massacre (8-L.9)

  • B the Boston Tea Party

    • Causes of the American Revolution: politics and society (8-L.2)
    • Causes of the American Revolution: new taxes and colonial response (8-L.4)

  • C the Battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill

    • The Revolutionary War: preparing for war (8-L.5)
    • The Revolutionary War: struggle for independence (8-L.6)

  • D Sam Adams, John Adams, and John Hancock

• USI.6 Explain the reasons for the adoption of the Articles of Confederation in 1781, including why its drafters created a weak central government; analyze the shortcomings of the national government under the Articles; and describe the crucial events (e.g., Shays's Rebellion) leading to the Constitutional Convention.

  • The Articles of Confederation (8-M.1)
  • The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)

• USI.7 Explain the roles of various founders at the Constitutional Convention. Describe the major debates that occurred at the Convention and the "Great Compromise" that was reached.

  • Major Debates

    • A the distribution of political power

      • The Constitution: structure and principles (8-B.1)
      • The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)

    • B the rights of individuals

      • The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)

    • C the rights of states

      • The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)

    • D slavery

      • The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)

  • Founders

    • A Benjamin Franklin

      • The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)

    • B Alexander Hamilton

    • C James Madison

      • The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)

    • D George Washington

      • The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)

• USI.8 Describe the debate over the ratification of the Constitution between Federalists and Anti-Federalists and explain the key ideas contained in the Federalist Papers on federalism, factions, checks and balances, and the importance of an independent judiciary.

  • The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)

• USI.9 Explain the reasons for the passage of the Bill of Rights.

  • A the influence of the British concept of limited government

  • B the particular ways in which the Bill of Rights protects basic freedoms, restricts government power, and ensures rights to persons accused of crimes

    • The Bill of Rights (8-B.4)

• USI.10 On a map of North America, identify the first 13 states to ratify the Constitution.

The Formation and Framework of American Democracy

• USI.11 Describe the purpose and functions of government.

  • Purposes of government (8-A.1)

• USI.12 Explain and provide examples of different forms of government, including democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, theocracy, and autocracy.

• USI.13 Explain why the United States government is classified as a democratic government.

• USI.14 Explain the characteristics of American democracy, including the concepts of popular sovereignty and constitutional government, which includes representative institutions, federalism, separation of powers, shared powers, checks and balances, and individual rights.

  • Checks and balances (8-A.5)
  • The Constitution: structure and principles (8-B.1)

• USI.15 Explain the varying roles and responsibilities of federal, state, and local governments in the United States.

  • The Legislative Branch (8-A.2)
  • The Executive Branch (8-A.3)
  • The Judicial Branch (8-A.4)
  • State and local government (8-A.6)

• USI.16 Describe the evolution of the role of the federal government, including public services, taxation, economic policy, foreign policy, and common defense.

  • The Marshall Court (8-M.6)

• USI.17 Explain the major components of Massachusetts' state government, including the roles and functions of the Governor, state legislature and other constitutional officers.

• USI.18 Explain the major components of local government in Massachusetts, including the roles and functions of school committees, town meetings, boards of selectmen, mayors, and city councils.

• USI.19 Explain the rights and the responsibilities of citizenship and describe how a democracy provides opportunities for citizens to participate in the political process through elections, political parties, and interest groups.

  • The Executive Branch (8-A.3)
  • Rights and responsibilities of active citizenship (8-D.2)

• USI.20 Explain the evolution and function of political parties, including their role in federal, state, and local elections.

  • Washington's presidency: part II (8-M.4)
  • The first party system: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans (8-M.5)
  • Jacksonian Democracy (8-N.1)

• USI.21 Describe how decisions are made in a democracy, including the role of legislatures, courts, executives, and the public.

  • The Legislative Branch (8-A.2)
  • The Executive Branch (8-A.3)
  • The Judicial Branch (8-A.4)
  • Laws and courts (8-C.1)

Political Democratization, Westward Expansion, and Diplomatic Developments, 1790-1860

• USI.22 Summarize the major policies and political developments that took place during the presidencies of George Washington (1789-1797), John Adams (1797-1801), and Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809).

  • A the origins of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties in the 1790s

    • Washington's presidency: part II (8-M.4)
    • The first party system: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans (8-M.5)

  • B the conflicting ideas of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton

    • Washington's presidency: part II (8-M.4)
    • The first party system: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans (8-M.5)

  • C the Alien and Sedition Acts

    • The first party system: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans (8-M.5)

  • D the Louisiana Purchase

    • The Louisiana Purchase (8-M.7)

• USI.23 Analyze the rising levels of political participation and the expansion of the suffrage in antebellum America.

• USI.24 Describe the election of 1828, the importance of Jacksonian democracy, and Jackson's actions as President.

  • A the spoils system

    • Jacksonian Democracy (8-N.1)

  • B Jackson's veto of the National Bank

    • Tariff, nullification, and bank war (8-N.2)

  • C Jackson's policy of Indian Removal

    • Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears (8-N.3)

• USI.25 Trace the influence and ideas of Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall and the importance of the doctrine of judicial review as manifested in Marbury v. Madison (1803).

  • The Marshall Court (8-M.6)

• USI.26 Describe the causes, course, and consequences of America's westward expansion and its growing diplomatic assertiveness. Use a map of North America to trace America's expansion to the Civil War, including the location of the Santa Fe and Oregon trails.

  • A the War of 1812

  • B the purchase of Florida in 1819

  • C the 1823 Monroe Doctrine

  • D the Cherokees' Trail of Tears

    • Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears (8-N.3)

  • E the annexation of Texas in 1845

    • Texas independence and annexation (8-O.7)

  • F the concept of Manifest Destiny and its relationship to westward expansion

  • G the acquisition of the Oregon Territory in 1846

  • H the territorial acquisitions resulting from the Mexican War

    • The U.S.-Mexican War (8-O.8)

  • I the search for gold in California

  • J the Gadsden Purchase of 1854

Economic Growth in the North and South, 1800-1860

• USI.27 Explain the importance of the Transportation Revolution of the 19th century (the building of canals, roads, bridges, turnpikes, steamboats, and railroads), including the stimulus it provided to the growth of a market economy.

  • Industrial and Transportation Revolutions (8-O.1)
  • Comparing the North and the South (8-O.2)

• USI.28 Explain the emergence and impact of the textile industry in New England and industrial growth generally throughout antebellum America.

  • A the technological improvements and inventions that contributed to industrial growth

    • Industrial and Transportation Revolutions (8-O.1)
    • Comparing the North and the South (8-O.2)

  • B the causes and impact of the wave of immigration from Northern Europe to America in the 1840s and 1850s

    • Comparing the North and the South (8-O.2)
    • Antebellum immigration (8-O.4)

  • C the rise of a business class of merchants and manufacturers

  • D the roles of women in New England textile factories

    • Comparing the North and the South (8-O.2)

• USI.29 Describe the rapid growth of slavery in the South after 1800 and analyze slave life and resistance on plantations and farms across the South, as well as the impact of the cotton gin on the economics of slavery and Southern agriculture.

  • Comparing the North and the South (8-O.2)
  • Slavery in the South (8-O.5)

Social, Political, and Religious Change, 1800-1860

• USI.30 Summarize the growth of the American education system and Horace Mann's campaign for free compulsory public education.

  • Antebellum reform movements (8-O.3)

• USI.31 Describe the formation of the abolitionist movement, the roles of various abolitionists, and the response of southerners and northerners to abolitionism.

  • A Frederick Douglass

    • The abolitionists (8-O.6)

  • B William Lloyd Garrison

    • The abolitionists (8-O.6)

  • C Sojourner Truth

    • Antebellum reform movements (8-O.3)

  • D Harriet Tubman

    • The abolitionists (8-O.6)

  • E Theodore Weld

• USI.32 Describe important religious trends that shaped antebellum America.

  • A the increase in the number of Protestant denominations

  • B the Second Great Awakening

    • Antebellum reform movements (8-O.3)

  • C the influence of these trends on the reaction of Protestants to the growth of Catholic immigration

• USI.33 Analyze the goals and effect of the antebellum women's suffrage movement.

  • A the 1848 Seneca Falls convention

    • Antebellum reform movements (8-O.3)

  • B Susan B. Anthony

    • Antebellum reform movements (8-O.3)

  • C Margaret Fuller

  • D Lucretia Mott

    • Antebellum reform movements (8-O.3)

  • E Elizabeth Cady Stanton

    • Antebellum reform movements (8-O.3)

• USI.34 Analyze the emergence of the Transcendentalist movement through the writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson and American literature, including the contributions of Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson.

The Civil War and Reconstruction, 1860-1877

• USI.35 Describe how the different economies and cultures of the North and South contributed to the growing importance of sectional politics in the early 19th century.

  • Comparing the North and the South (8-O.2)

• USI.36 Summarize the critical developments leading to the Civil War.

  • A the Missouri Compromise (1820)

    • Causes of the Civil War: Missouri Compromise to Bleeding Kansas (8-O.9)

  • B the South Carolina Nullification Crisis (1832-1833)

    • Tariff, nullification, and bank war (8-N.2)

  • C the Wilmot Proviso (1846)

    • Causes of the Civil War: Missouri Compromise to Bleeding Kansas (8-O.9)

  • D the Compromise of 1850

    • Causes of the Civil War: Missouri Compromise to Bleeding Kansas (8-O.9)

  • E the publication of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1851-1852)

    • The abolitionists (8-O.6)

  • F the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

    • Causes of the Civil War: Missouri Compromise to Bleeding Kansas (8-O.9)

  • G the Dred Scott Supreme Court case (1857)

    • Causes of the Civil War: Dred Scott to secession (8-O.10)

  • H the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858)

  • I John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry (1859)

    • Causes of the Civil War: Dred Scott to secession (8-O.10)

  • J the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860

    • Causes of the Civil War: Dred Scott to secession (8-O.10)

• USI.37 On a map of North America, identify Union and Confederate States at the Outbreak of the war.

  • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (8-P.1)

• USI.38 Analyze Abraham Lincoln's presidency, the Emancipation Proclamation (1863), his views on slavery, and the political obstacles he encountered.

  • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (8-P.1)
  • The Civil War: Bull Run to the Emancipation Proclamation (8-P.2)
  • The Civil War: Gettysburg to the election of 1864 (8-P.3)

• USI.39 Analyze the roles and policies of various Civil War leaders and describe the important Civil War battles and events.

  • Leaders

    • A Jefferson Davis

    • B Ulysses S. Grant

      • The Civil War: Gettysburg to the election of 1864 (8-P.3)
      • The Civil War: the conclusion of the war (8-P.4)

    • C Robert E. Lee

      • The Civil War: Gettysburg to the election of 1864 (8-P.3)
      • The Civil War: the conclusion of the war (8-P.4)

  • Battles

    • A the Massachusetts 54th Regiment and the Battle at Fort Wagner

      • The Civil War: Bull Run to the Emancipation Proclamation (8-P.2)

    • B Antietam

      • The Civil War: Bull Run to the Emancipation Proclamation (8-P.2)

    • C Vicksburg

      • The Civil War: Gettysburg to the election of 1864 (8-P.3)

    • D Gettysburg

      • The Civil War: Gettysburg to the election of 1864 (8-P.3)

• USI.40 Provide examples of the various effects of the Civil War.

  • A physical and economic destruction

    • The Civil War: the conclusion of the war (8-P.4)

  • B the increased role of the federal government

  • C the greatest loss of life on a per capita basis of any U.S. war before or since

• USI.41 Explain the policies and consequences of Reconstruction.

  • A Presidential and Congressional Reconstruction

    • Radical Reconstruction (8-Q.1)

  • B the impeachment of President Johnson

    • Radical Reconstruction (8-Q.1)

  • C the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

    • Radical Reconstruction (8-Q.1)
    • The end of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow (8-Q.2)

  • D the opposition of Southern whites to Reconstruction

    • Radical Reconstruction (8-Q.1)
    • The end of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow (8-Q.2)

  • E the accomplishments and failures of Radical Reconstruction

    • Radical Reconstruction (8-Q.1)
    • The end of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow (8-Q.2)

  • F the presidential election of 1876 and the end of Reconstruction

    • The end of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow (8-Q.2)

  • G the rise of Jim Crow laws

    • The end of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow (8-Q.2)

  • H the Supreme Court case, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

    • The Constitution: interpretation (8-B.3)