North Dakota

HS-PS1 Matter and Its Interactions

• HS-PS1-1 Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

  • Introduction to the periodic table (Ch-D.2)
  • History of the periodic table (Ch-D.3)
  • Models of the atom (Ch-F.1)
  • Count subatomic particles in atoms and ions (Ch-F.2)

• HS-PS1-2 Construct an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.

  • Classify chemical reactions (Ch-P.1)

• HS-PS1-5 Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

  • Factors that affect reaction rate (Ch-U.2)

• HS-PS1-7 Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

  • Count atoms in chemical reactions using models (Ch-O.1)
  • Count atoms in chemical equations (Ch-O.2)
  • Balance chemical equations I (Ch-O.3)

• HS-PS1-8 Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

HS-PS2 Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

• HS-PS2-1 Analyze data to support the claim that Newton's second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

  • Newton's laws of motion (Ph-F.1)
  • Newton's first law of motion (Ph-F.2)
  • Newton's second law of motion (Ph-F.3)

• HS-PS2-2 Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

  • Conservation of momentum (Ph-G.1)

• HS-PS2-3 Apply scientific principles, such as Newton's 1st & 3rd Laws, and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

HS-PS3 Energy

• HS-PS3-1 Create a mathematical model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

  • Conservation of mechanical energy (Ph-H.2)
  • The first law of thermodynamics (Ph-J.2)

• HS-PS3-2 Develop and use models to illustrate that energy is associated with motion and relative position of particles (objects).

  • Conservation of mechanical energy (Ph-H.2)

• HS-PS3-3 Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

• HS-PS3-4 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (thermal equilibrium).

  • Predict heat flow and temperature changes (8-M.1)
  • Compare thermal energy transfers (8-M.2)

HS-PS4 Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

• HS-PS4-1 Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

  • Introduction to waves (Ph-L.1)
  • Waves on strings (Ph-L.2)
  • Sound waves: speed, frequency, and wavelength (Ph-M.1)
  • Properties of electromagnetic waves (Ph-N.1)
  • Refraction of light (Ph-O.2)