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Skills available for Ohio kindergarten language arts standards

Standards are in black and IXL language arts skills are in dark green. Hold your mouse over the name of a skill to view a sample question. Click on the name of a skill to practice that skill.

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Ohio Learning Standards (adopted 2026): Kindergarten Ohio Learning Standards (adopted 2026): Kindergarten
Ohio Learning Standards: Language Ohio Learning Standards: Language
Ohio Learning Standards: Reading: Foundational Skills Ohio Learning Standards: Reading: Foundational Skills
Ohio Learning Standards: Reading: Informational Text Ohio Learning Standards: Reading: Informational Text
Ohio Learning Standards: Reading: Literature Ohio Learning Standards: Reading: Literature

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Print standards

RL.K Reading Literature

RL.K.1 When presented with a read-aloud, ask and answer questions about key details in a literary text.
RL.K.2 When presented with a read-aloud, retell stories from literary texts, including key details.
- Order images in a story (K-FF.1)
- Identify the problem and solution in a story (K-FF.2)
RL.K.3 When presented with a read-aloud:
- RL.K.3.a Name the character(s) and setting(s).
  - Choose the picture that matches the setting or character (K-EE.2)
- RL.K.3.b List major events in a literary text.
  - Determine the topic and theme of a story (K-CC.5)
  - Identify the problem and solution in a story (K-FF.2)
RL.K.4 When presented with a read-aloud, ask and answer questions to determine the meaning of unknown or essential vocabulary words in a literary text.
- Read along with fantasy (K-II.1)
- Read along with realistic fiction (K-II.2)
RL.K.5 When presented with a read-aloud:
- RL.K.5.a Identify the type of literary text; and
- RL.K.5.b Show understanding of print concepts by naming the front and back covers and pointing to the title page.
  - Identify book parts and features (K-Z.1)
RL.K.6 When presented with a read-aloud, locate the author and illustrator and describe how each contributes to telling the story in a literary text.
RL.K.7 When presented with a read-aloud, describe the information that illustrations show or help explain in a literary text.
RL.K.9 When presented with a read-aloud, compare and/or contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in literary texts.
RL.K.10 When presented with a read-aloud, utilize background knowledge and draw on previous experiences to understand a literary text.
- Read along with fantasy (K-II.1)
- Read along with realistic fiction (K-II.2)

RI.K Reading Informational

RI.K.1 When presented with a read-aloud, ask and answer questions about key details in an informational text.
RI.K.2 When presented with a read-aloud, retell facts and ideas from an informational text, including the main topic and key details.
RI.K.3 When presented with a read-aloud, identify the connection between two individuals, events, or ideas in an informational text.
- What will happen next? (K-CC.2)
RI.K.4 When presented with a read-aloud, ask and answer questions to determine the meaning of unknown or essential vocabulary words in an informational text.
RI.K.5 When presented with a read-aloud, show understanding of print concepts by naming the front and back covers and pointing to the title page.
- Identify book parts and features (K-Z.1)
RI.K.6 When presented with a read-aloud, locate the author and illustrator and describe how each contributes to presenting facts and ideas in an informational text.
RI.K.7 When presented with a read-aloud, describe the information that titles, headings, and illustrations provide in informational text.
RI.K.9 With adult support, identify similarities and differences in information, illustrations, or features of two informational texts on the same topic.
RI.K.10 With scaffolding provided, use background knowledge and draw on previous experiences to understand an informational text read aloud.

RF.K Reading Foundations

RF.K.1 Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print:
- RF.K.1.a Follow words from left to right, top to bottom, and page by page.
  - Find a word in a sentence (K-F.3)
  - Identify book parts and features (K-Z.1)
- RF.K.1.b Recognize that spoken words are represented in written language by specific sequences of letters.
  - Choose the two words that are the same (K-F.1)
- RF.K.1.c Understand that words are separated by spaces in print.
  - Choose the sentence that is spaced correctly (K-F.2)
  - Find a word in a sentence (K-F.3)
RF.K.2 Recognize and produce the sound structures of spoken words, including syllables and phonemes (sounds), with automaticity:
- RF.K.2.a Recognize and produce rhyming words.
- RF.K.2.b Count, blend and segment up to three syllables in spoken words with automaticity.
- RF.K.2.c Identify and segment onsets and rimes in single-syllable spoken words with automaticity.
- RF.K.2.d Isolate, identify, and articulate the initial, medial and final phoneme in words containing three phonemes with automaticity.
- RF.K.2.e Segment single-syllable words containing three to four phonemes into individual sounds with automaticity.
  - Identify the first, second, and last sound in a word (K-J.3)
- RF.K.2.f Blend three to four phonemes to make a one-syllable word with automaticity.
  - Blend each sound in a word together (K-J.2)
RF.K.3 Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words:
- RF.K.3.a Name the letters of the alphabet in order.
  - Put the letters in ABC order (K-E.11)
- RF.K.3.b Identify, name, and write all lowercase letters with automaticity.
- RF.K.3.c Identify, name, and write all uppercase letters with automaticity.
- RF.K.3.d When given a phoneme, identify, name, and write the corresponding grapheme: short vowels; consonants; and consonant digraphs.
- RF.K.3.e Decode words aligned with phonics patterns in scope and sequence of adopted HQIM, such as: a, e, i, o and u with short vowel sounds (CVC); long vowel sounds associated with single letters (open syllables in one-syllable words); consonant digraphs sh, ch, th; most common consonant sounds b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q(u), r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z; and welded/glued sounds (-ang, -ing, -ong, -ung, -ank, -ink, -onk, -unk, -an, -am, -all).
- RF.K.3.f Read common high-frequency words with automaticity, aligned with the adopted HQIM, such as: phonetically regular words; partially regular words; and irregular words.
RF.K.4 Read aloud decodable, controlled texts containing previously taught patterns with accuracy, automaticity, and appropriate expression to gain meaning from text.

WF.K Writing Foundations

WF.K.1 Print all lowercase and most uppercase graphemes (letter/letters) independently, accurately, and with automaticity. Demonstrate this through:
- WF.K.1.a Correct letter strokes;
- WF.K.1.b Correct letter formation;
- WF.K.1.c Accurate letter placement within words;
- WF.K.1.d Proper directionality (top to bottom, left to right);
- WF.K.1.e Appropriate line placement; and
- WF.K.1.f Appropriate pencil grip.
WF.K.2 When given a word of up to three phonemes, encode and print words independently and accurately.
WF.K.3 Print a simple sentence independently and accurately using grade-appropriate orthographic patterns, rules, and high-frequency words with:
- WF.K.3.a Correct capitalization (beginning word, proper nouns, the pronoun "I");
  - Capitalize the first letter of a sentence (K-UU.1)
  - Capitalize the pronoun "I" (K-UU.2)
- WF.K.3.b Appropriate spacing; and
  - Choose the sentence that is spaced correctly (K-F.2)
- WF.K.3.c Correct ending punctuation.
  - Identify and use end marks (K-TT.2)

W.K Writing

W.K.1 Use drawing, dictation, and/or writing to express an opinion about a given topic or book.
- Complete the fact and opinion sentences (K)
W.K.2 Use drawing, dictation, and/or writing to compose informative or explanatory pieces about a given topic.
W.K.3 Use drawing, dictation, and/or writing to narrate a single event or a sequence of events.
- Put the sentences in order (K)
W.K.5 With adult support, respond to questions and suggestions, adding details to strengthen ideas in writing.
W.K.6 With adult support, explore a variety of tools to produce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers.
W.K.7 With adult support, recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.
W.K.8 With adult support, engage in collaborative research or writing projects that build language, vocabulary, and foundational writing skills around a given topic or theme.

L.K Language

L.K.1 Know and apply the conventions of formal American English grammar and usage when communicating.
- L.K.1.a Use frequently occurring nouns and verbs.
- L.K.1.b Communicate regular plural nouns by adding "s" or "es."
  - Choose the singular or plural noun that matches the picture (K-VV.2)
- L.K.1.c Understand and use interrogatives.
  - Who, what, when, where, or why? (K-PP.1)
- L.K.1.d Use the most frequently occurring prepositions.
  - Inside and outside, above and below, next to and beside (K-OO.1)
  - Choose the best location word to match the picture (K-OO.2)
- L.K.1.e Produce and expand kernel sentences in shared language activities.
  - Find the complete sentence (K-TT.3)
  - Unscramble the words to make a complete sentence (K-TT.4)
L.K.2 Recognize the conventions of formal American English capitalization and punctuation when communicating thoughts and ideas.
- L.K.2.a Capitalize the first word in a sentence and the pronoun "I."
  - Capitalize the first letter of a sentence (K-UU.1)
  - Capitalize the pronoun "I" (K-UU.2)
- L.K.2.b Name end punctuation.
  - Identify and use end marks (K-TT.2)
L.K.4 When presented with a read-aloud or engaging in discussion, determine the meaning of new and multiple-meaning words.
- L.K.4.a Demonstrate understanding of new and multiple-meaning words or phrases by using them in sentences, acting them out, or drawing pictures.
  - Multiple-meaning words with pictures (K-SS.1)
- L.K.4.b Use the most frequently occurring inflections and affixes as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word.
L.K.5 Explore word relationships and nuances in word meanings.
- L.K.5.a Categorize objects or pictures to understand how they relate to a common concept or topic.
  - Sort objects into categories (K-RR.1)
  - Which one is not like the others? (K-RR.2)
- L.K.5.b Demonstrate understanding of frequently occurring verbs and adjectives by matching them to their antonyms.
  - Match antonyms to pictures (K-QQ.1)
- L.K.5.c Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs describing the same general action by acting out the meanings.
L.K.6 Apply previously taught vocabulary in a given context by demonstrating connections between words and their use.

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Actions

RL.K Reading Literature

RL.K.1 When presented with a read-aloud, ask and answer questions about key details in a literary text.

RL.K.2 When presented with a read-aloud, retell stories from literary texts, including key details.

RL.K.3 When presented with a read-aloud:

RL.K.3.a Name the character(s) and setting(s).

RL.K.3.b List major events in a literary text.

RL.K.4 When presented with a read-aloud, ask and answer questions to determine the meaning of unknown or essential vocabulary words in a literary text.

RL.K.5 When presented with a read-aloud:

RL.K.5.a Identify the type of literary text; and

RL.K.5.b Show understanding of print concepts by naming the front and back covers and pointing to the title page.

RL.K.6 When presented with a read-aloud, locate the author and illustrator and describe how each contributes to telling the story in a literary text.

RL.K.7 When presented with a read-aloud, describe the information that illustrations show or help explain in a literary text.

RL.K.9 When presented with a read-aloud, compare and/or contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in literary texts.

RL.K.10 When presented with a read-aloud, utilize background knowledge and draw on previous experiences to understand a literary text.

RI.K Reading Informational

RI.K.1 When presented with a read-aloud, ask and answer questions about key details in an informational text.

RI.K.2 When presented with a read-aloud, retell facts and ideas from an informational text, including the main topic and key details.

RI.K.3 When presented with a read-aloud, identify the connection between two individuals, events, or ideas in an informational text.

RI.K.4 When presented with a read-aloud, ask and answer questions to determine the meaning of unknown or essential vocabulary words in an informational text.

RI.K.5 When presented with a read-aloud, show understanding of print concepts by naming the front and back covers and pointing to the title page.

RI.K.6 When presented with a read-aloud, locate the author and illustrator and describe how each contributes to presenting facts and ideas in an informational text.

RI.K.7 When presented with a read-aloud, describe the information that titles, headings, and illustrations provide in informational text.

RI.K.9 With adult support, identify similarities and differences in information, illustrations, or features of two informational texts on the same topic.

RI.K.10 With scaffolding provided, use background knowledge and draw on previous experiences to understand an informational text read aloud.

RF.K Reading Foundations

RF.K.1 Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print:

RF.K.1.a Follow words from left to right, top to bottom, and page by page.

RF.K.1.b Recognize that spoken words are represented in written language by specific sequences of letters.

RF.K.1.c Understand that words are separated by spaces in print.

RF.K.2 Recognize and produce the sound structures of spoken words, including syllables and phonemes (sounds), with automaticity:

RF.K.2.a Recognize and produce rhyming words.

RF.K.2.b Count, blend and segment up to three syllables in spoken words with automaticity.

RF.K.2.c Identify and segment onsets and rimes in single-syllable spoken words with automaticity.

RF.K.2.d Isolate, identify, and articulate the initial, medial and final phoneme in words containing three phonemes with automaticity.

RF.K.2.e Segment single-syllable words containing three to four phonemes into individual sounds with automaticity.

RF.K.2.f Blend three to four phonemes to make a one-syllable word with automaticity.

RF.K.3 Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words:

RF.K.3.a Name the letters of the alphabet in order.

RF.K.3.b Identify, name, and write all lowercase letters with automaticity.

RF.K.3.c Identify, name, and write all uppercase letters with automaticity.

RF.K.3.d When given a phoneme, identify, name, and write the corresponding grapheme: short vowels; consonants; and consonant digraphs.

RF.K.3.f Read common high-frequency words with automaticity, aligned with the adopted HQIM, such as: phonetically regular words; partially regular words; and irregular words.

RF.K.4 Read aloud decodable, controlled texts containing previously taught patterns with accuracy, automaticity, and appropriate expression to gain meaning from text.

WF.K Writing Foundations

WF.K.1 Print all lowercase and most uppercase graphemes (letter/letters) independently, accurately, and with automaticity. Demonstrate this through:

WF.K.1.a Correct letter strokes;

WF.K.1.b Correct letter formation;

WF.K.1.c Accurate letter placement within words;

WF.K.1.d Proper directionality (top to bottom, left to right);

WF.K.1.e Appropriate line placement; and

WF.K.1.f Appropriate pencil grip.

WF.K.2 When given a word of up to three phonemes, encode and print words independently and accurately.

WF.K.3 Print a simple sentence independently and accurately using grade-appropriate orthographic patterns, rules, and high-frequency words with:

WF.K.3.a Correct capitalization (beginning word, proper nouns, the pronoun "I");

WF.K.3.b Appropriate spacing; and

WF.K.3.c Correct ending punctuation.

W.K Writing

W.K.1 Use drawing, dictation, and/or writing to express an opinion about a given topic or book.

W.K.2 Use drawing, dictation, and/or writing to compose informative or explanatory pieces about a given topic.

W.K.3 Use drawing, dictation, and/or writing to narrate a single event or a sequence of events.

W.K.5 With adult support, respond to questions and suggestions, adding details to strengthen ideas in writing.

W.K.6 With adult support, explore a variety of tools to produce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers.

W.K.7 With adult support, recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.

W.K.8 With adult support, engage in collaborative research or writing projects that build language, vocabulary, and foundational writing skills around a given topic or theme.

L.K Language

L.K.1 Know and apply the conventions of formal American English grammar and usage when communicating.

L.K.1.a Use frequently occurring nouns and verbs.

L.K.1.b Communicate regular plural nouns by adding "s" or "es."

L.K.1.c Understand and use interrogatives.

L.K.1.d Use the most frequently occurring prepositions.

L.K.1.e Produce and expand kernel sentences in shared language activities.

L.K.2 Recognize the conventions of formal American English capitalization and punctuation when communicating thoughts and ideas.

L.K.2.a Capitalize the first word in a sentence and the pronoun "I."

L.K.2.b Name end punctuation.

L.K.4 When presented with a read-aloud or engaging in discussion, determine the meaning of new and multiple-meaning words.

L.K.4.a Demonstrate understanding of new and multiple-meaning words or phrases by using them in sentences, acting them out, or drawing pictures.

L.K.4.b Use the most frequently occurring inflections and affixes as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word.