Pennsylvania

5 Civics and Government

• 5.1 Principles and Documents of Government

  • Rule of Law

    • 5.1.1.A Explain the purposes of rules in the classroom and school community.

      • Rules and laws (1-A.1)

  • Laws and Government

    • 5.1.1.B Explain the importance of rules in the classroom.

      • Rules and laws (1-A.1)

  • Principles and Ideals that Shape Government

    • 5.1.1.C Define equality and the need to treat everyone equally.

  • Documents and Ideals that Shape Pennsylvania and US Government

    • 5.1.1.D Explain the importance of written rules and laws.

      • Rules and laws (1-A.1)

  • Individual Rights

    • 5.1.1.E Describe students' responsibilities in the school and community.

  • Symbols

    • 5.1.1.F Identify national symbols.

      • Identify American symbols (1-B.1)
      • Identify American landmarks and monuments (1-B.2)

• 5.2 Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

  • Civics Rights and Responsibilities

    • 5.2.1.A Identify and explain the importance of responsibilities at school and at home.

  • Conflict and Resolution

    • 5.2.1.B Identify a problem and attempt to solve with adult or peer assistance.

  • Leadership and Public Service

    • 5.2.1.C Identify school projects/activities that support leadership and public service.

  • Competent and Responsible Citizens

    • 5.2.1.D Explain responsible school behavior.

• 5.3 How Government Works

  • Branches of Government

    • 5.3.1.A Identify the roles of local government (fire, police, etc.).

      • Government services (1-A.2)
      • Local government (2-C.2)

  • Structure, Organization, and Operation of Governments

    • 5.3.1.B Identify the services of local government.

      • Government services (1-A.2)

  • Government Services

    • 5.3.1.C Identify the value of fire fighters, police officers and emergency workers in the community.

      • Government services (1-A.2)

  • Leadership and Political Elections

    • 5.3.1.D Identify positions of authority in the classroom community.

  • Elements of the Election Process

    • 5.3.1.E Identify situations in the school or community when it is beneficial to have an elected official represent the people.

  • Conflict and the Court System

    • 5.3.1.F Identify and explain behaviors for responsible classroom citizens and possible consequences for inappropriate action.

  • Media Influences

    • 5.3.1.H Explain how information/news is conveyed to the public.

  • Taxes

    • 5.3.1.I Provide examples of taxation.

  • Systems of Government

    • 5.3.1.J Describe situations where voting eases conflict.

• 5.4 How International Relationships Function

  • Countries and Conflicts

    • 5.4.1.A Identify ways to avoid conflict.

  • Tools of Foreign Policy

    • 5.4.1.B Describe how classrooms can work together.

  • Media and Its Influence

    • 5.4.1.D Identify different means of receiving information/news.

  • How Foreign Policy is Influenced

    • 5.4.1.E Explain how a classroom community reaches compromise.

6 Economics

• 6.1 Scarcity and Choice

  • Scarcity and Choice

    • 6.1.1.A Identify scarcity of resources within the family.

      • Scarcity and choices (1-J.2)

  • Limited Resources

    • 6.1.1.B Identify classroom wants and needs.

      • Needs and wants (1-J.1)

  • Opportunity Costs

    • 6.1.1.C Identify choice based on needs versus wants.

      • Needs and wants (1-J.1)

  • Incentives and Choice

    • 6.1.1.D Identify a choice based on classroom interest.

• 6.2 Markets and Economic Systems

  • Goods and Services

    • 6.2.1.A Identify goods, consumers, and producers.

      • Goods and services (1-J.3)
      • Producers and consumers (1-J.4)

  • Advertising and Media

    • 6.2.1.C Identify advertisements that encourage us to buy things based on want rather than need.

  • Price Determination

    • 6.2.1.D Explain the role of money in determining price.

  • Economic Health

    • 6.2.1.E Identify the impact on a community when a business opens.

  • Economic Systems

    • 6.2.1.G Define an economic system at the individual level.

• 6.3 Functions of Government

  • Goods and Services

    • 6.3.1.A Identify examples of goods and services.

      • Goods and services (1-J.3)

  • Government's Role in International Trade

    • 6.3.1.D Identify products produced in the United States.

      • Natural resources (1-J.5)

• 6.4 Economic Interdependence

  • Specialization

    • 6.4.1.A Identify specialization of work in the community.

      • Jobs community helpers do (1-C.1)
      • Tools community helpers use (1-C.2)

  • Factors Contributing to Economic Interdependence

    • 6.4.1.D Describe how individuals differ in their wants and needs and why people buy and sell things.

      • Producers and consumers (1-J.4)

• 6.5 Income, Profit, and Wealth

  • Factors Influencing Wages

    • 6.5.1.A Identify individuals who work for wages in the community.

      • Jobs community helpers do (1-C.1)

  • Labor Productivity

    • 6.5.1.B Identify different jobs and the purpose of each.

      • Jobs community helpers do (1-C.1)
      • Tools community helpers use (1-C.2)

  • Types of Businesses

    • 6.5.1.C Identify businesses and their corresponding goods and service.

      • Goods and services (1-J.3)

  • Profits and Losses

    • 6.5.1.D Identify ways to earn money.

      • Jobs community helpers do (1-C.1)
      • Producers and consumers (1-J.4)

  • Distribution of Wealth

    • 6.5.1.E Describe what tools (tangible assets) are necessary to complete a task.

      • Tools community helpers use (1-C.2)

  • Entrepreneurship

    • 6.5.1.F Identify buyers and sellers (people) buy and sell things.

      • Producers and consumers (1-J.4)

  • Costs and Benefits of Saving

    • 6.5.1.G Explain the need to save money.

7 Geography

• 7.1 Basic Geographic Literacy

  • Geographic Tools

    • 7.1.1.A Identify geographic tools.

  • Location of Places and Regions

    • 7.1.1.B Describe places in geographic reference in physical features.

• 7.2 Physical Characteristics of Places and Regions

  • Physical Characteristics

    • 7.2.1.A Identify physical characteristics in the community and region.

      • Identify Earth's land features (1-G.1)
      • Identify Earth's water features (1-G.2)
      • Identify human and physical features (1-G.3)

  • Physical Processes

    • 7.2.1.B Identify the basic physical processes that affect the physical characteristics of places.

      • Compare cities and rural areas (1-C.3)

• 7.3 Human Characteristics of Places and Regions

  • Human Characteristics

    • 7.3.1.A Identify the local climate and how it determines the way people live.

• 7.4 Interactions Between People and the Environment

  • Impact of Physical Systems on People

    • 7.4.1.A Describe how lakes, rivers, and streams impact people.

8 History

• 8.1 Historical Analysis and Skills Development

  • Continuity and Change over Time

    • 8.1.1.A Demonstrate an understanding of chronology.

      • Days of the week (1-L.1)
      • Months of the year (1-L.2)

  • Fact/Opinion and Points of View

    • 8.1.1.B Identify a problem or dilemma surrounding an event.

  • Research

    • 8.1.1.C Identify sources of historical information.

• 8.2 Pennsylvania History

  • Contributions from Individuals and Groups (PA)

    • 8.2.1.A Identify groups of people who contribute to a community.

      • Government services (1-A.2)
      • Jobs community helpers do (1-C.1)

  • Historical Documents, Artifacts, and Places (PA)

    • 8.2.1.B Identify symbols, slogans, or mottos that are representative of the state.

      • Identify American symbols (1-B.1)

  • Impact of Continuity and Change on PA History

    • 8.2.1.C Identify holiday and cultural celebrations in a community and why they are celebrated.

      • Martin Luther King Jr. Day (K-J.1)
      • Independence Day (K-J.2)
      • Día de los Muertos (2-E.1)
      • Thanksgiving (2-E.2)
      • Hanukkah (2-E.3)
      • Rosh Hashanah (2-E.4)
      • Kwanzaa (2-E.5)
      • Christmas (2-E.6)
      • Easter (2-E.7)
      • Lunar New Year (2-E.8)
      • Ramadan (2-E.9)
      • Holi (2-E.10)

  • Conflict and Cooperation (PA)

    • 8.2.1.D Identify historical conflict in the community.

• 8.3 United States History

  • Contributions of Individuals and Groups (US History)

    • 8.3.1.A Identify Americans who played a significant role in American history.

  • Historical Documents and Artifacts (US History)

    • 8.3.1.B Identify American landmarks and their significance.

      • Identify American landmarks and monuments (1-B.2)

  • Impact of Continuity and Change on US History

    • 8.3.1.C Identify examples of change.

      • Then and now: transportation and communication (1-E.1)

  • Conflict and Cooperation (United States)

    • 8.3.1.D Identify conflict and describe ways to cooperate with others by making smart choices.

• 8.4 World History

  • Contributions of Individuals and Groups (World)

    • 8.4.1.A Explain why cultures celebrate.

  • Historical Documents, Artifacts, and Sites (World)

    • 8.4.1.B Explain the importance of world landmarks.

  • Impact of Continuity and Change (World)

    • 8.4.1.C Identify holidays and ceremonies of selected world cultures.

      • Día de los Muertos (2-E.1)
      • Thanksgiving (2-E.2)
      • Hanukkah (2-E.3)
      • Rosh Hashanah (2-E.4)
      • Kwanzaa (2-E.5)
      • Christmas (2-E.6)
      • Easter (2-E.7)
      • Lunar New Year (2-E.8)
      • Ramadan (2-E.9)
      • Holi (2-E.10)

  • Conflict and Cooperation (World)

    • 8.4.1.D Describe examples of conflict and cooperation in the classroom community.