Arkansas

Civics

• C.1 Students will understand the impact of origins, structures, and functions of institutions and laws on society and citizens. This includes personal civic rights, roles, responsibilities, and processes by which laws are made and amended.

  • Civic and Political Institutions

    • C.1.4.1 Explain the rights and responsibilities citizens have according to the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, and Bill of Rights: freedoms (religion, speech, press, peaceable assembly), rights (personal protection, fair trial by jury, vote, fair and equal treatment under the law), and responsibility to respect the rights and property of others.

      • The Constitution (4-K.4)
      • The Bill of Rights (4-K.5)

    • C.1.4.2 Explain the responsibilities government officials have to follow the law, to protect the rights of citizens, and to have integrity in different branches of government at various levels (i.e., local, state, federal).

      • Local government (4-K.1)
      • State government (4-K.2)
      • Federal government (4-K.3)
      • Checks and balances (4-K.6)

    • C.1.4.3 Compare state and federal governments' origins, functions, and structures.

      • State government (4-K.2)
      • Federal government (4-K.3)
      • The Constitution (4-K.4)

  • Participation and Deliberation

    • C.1.4.4 Analyze the role state and national symbols, patriotic songs, and mottos play in fostering citizenship: American and Arkansas flags, flag etiquette, Star Spangled Banner, recitation of Pledge of Allegiance, Statue of Liberty, and Arkansas motto and state seal.

      • Identify American symbols (4-L.1)
      • The American flag (4-L.4)
      • The Statue of Liberty (4-L.8)

    • C.1.4.5 Evaluate changes in citizens' rights and responsibilities over time.

      • The American Revolution: the Thirteen Colonies under British rule (4-B.1)
      • The American Revolution: struggle for independence (4-B.6)
      • The American Revolution: conclusion and aftermath (4-B.8)
      • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (4-C.6)
      • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part I (4-C.7)
      • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part II (4-C.8)
      • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (4-D.2)
      • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (4-D.3)
      • Reconstruction (4-D.5)

    • C.1.4.6 Evaluate decision-making processes such as used for acting upon civic problems.

      • Presidential elections (4-K.7)

  • Process, Rules, and Laws

    • C.1.4.7 Compare the processes for creating rules and laws at the local and state levels: city ordinance v. state law, city council v. state legislators.

      • Local government (4-K.1)
      • State government (4-K.2)

    • C.1.4.8 Examine the relationship between people and rules/laws.

      • Purpose of government (3-E.1)

    • C.1.4.9 Analyze group actions and responses to local, state, national, and/or global problems.

Economics

• E.1 Students will understand the impact of economic decision-making. This includes the exchange of goods and services; role of producers, consumers, and government in the marketplace; and growth, stability, and interdependence within a global economy.

  • Economic Decision-Making

    • E.1.4.1 Analyze the effects of scarcity and opportunity cost during the decision-making process.

      • What is economics? (4-N.1)
      • Opportunity cost (4-N.3)
      • Identify shortage and surplus (4-P.4)
      • Identify shortage and surplus with graphs (4-P.5)
      • Identify shortage and surplus with data (4-P.6)

    • E.1.4.2 Apply an economic decision-making model when making decisions such as the PACED decision-making.

      • What is economics? (4-N.1)
      • Costs and benefits (4-N.2)
      • Opportunity cost (4-N.3)

  • Exchange and Markets

    • E.1.4.3 Analyze how knowledge, skills, education, and experience (i.e., human capital) can impact productivity, career advancement, and potential income.

    • E.1.4.4 Explain ways entrepreneurs and businesses organize human, natural, and capital resources to produce goods and services such as Walmart, J.B. Hunt, Tyson Foods, Dillard's.

      • What is economics? (4-N.1)

    • E.1.4.5 Explain effects of supply and demand on prices.

      • What is economics? (4-N.1)
      • Understand quantity supplied and quantity demanded (4-P.1)
      • Understand overall supply and demand (4-P.2)
      • Create and use supply and demand curves (4-P.3)
      • Identify shortage and surplus (4-P.4)
      • Identify shortage and surplus with graphs (4-P.5)
      • Identify shortage and surplus with data (4-P.6)

  • Growth and Stability

    • E.1.4.6 Compare methods of exchange in the United States and around the world (e.g., money, currency, bartering, metals, markets).

      • Banks (4-O.1)

    • E.1.4.7 Describe the types of financial institutions and their roles in an economy (e.g., banks, Federal Reserve, credit unions, investment firms).

      • Banks (4-O.1)

    • E.1.4.8 Examine ways governments pay for the goods and services they provide through taxation and fees.

      • Local government (4-K.1)

    • E.1.4.9 Explain the meaning of inflation, deflation, and unemployment.

      • Identify shortage and surplus (4-P.4)
      • Identify shortage and surplus with graphs (4-P.5)
      • Identify shortage and surplus with data (4-P.6)

  • Global Economy

    • E.1.4.10 Explain how trading commodities (e.g., soybeans, rice, cotton) has led to economic interdependence between Arkansas, other states, and other countries (e.g., Canada, Mexico, Saudi Arabia).

    • E.1.4.11 Explain effects of increasing economic interdependence on different groups within a nation, which may include Arkansas's agricultural industry and its impact on natural resources, increased competition, and the shift in labor force.

      • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)
      • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
      • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)
      • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)

Geography

• G.1 Students will understand the purpose of geographic tools (e.g., maps, globes, charts, graphs) to understand, analyze, and explain human interaction with each other and with the environment. This includes the spatial characteristics and patterns of human settlement and connections between global regions.

  • Geographic Representations

    • G.1.4.1 Compare relative and absolute location (e.g., latitude and longitude) of local and global places on a map.

      • Read a map: cardinal directions (4-F.1)
      • Identify lines of latitude and longitude (4-F.2)
      • Use lines of latitude and longitude (4-F.3)
      • Select states of the Midwest (4-H.5)
      • Select states of the Southeast (4-H.8)
      • Select states of the Northeast (4-H.11)
      • Select the 50 states (4-H.14)
      • Select oceans and continents (5-B.4)
      • Select states of the West (5-C.2)

    • G.1.4.2 Compare and contrast the interactions that shape the physical and human characteristics of global places using thematic maps (e.g., climate, political, physical).

      • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)
      • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
      • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)

    • G.1.4.3 Create maps to compare the physical and human characteristics of different places or regions, including titles, symbols, legends, a compass rose, and scale.

      • Read a map: cardinal directions (4-F.1)
      • Identify lines of latitude and longitude (4-F.2)
      • Use lines of latitude and longitude (4-F.3)
      • Identify Earth's land features using photographs (4-G.1)
      • Identify Earth's land features using satellite images (4-G.2)

  • Human-Environment Interaction

    • G.1.4.4 Analyze effects of human impact on the environment over time including deforestation/reforestation, flood control, pollution, and urbanization.

    • G.1.4.5 Compare the cultural characteristics of various places and region from around the world.

      • New England colonies: religion and government (4-A.4)
      • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)
      • Middle colonies: founding and government (4-A.6)
      • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
      • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)
      • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)

    • G.1.4.6 Analyze ways physical characteristics affect population distribution in Arkansas, the United States, and the world.

      • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)
      • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
      • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)
      • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)

  • Spatial Patterns and Movement

    • G.1.4.7 Compare how natural resources such as metals, sand, stone, soil, freshwater, and wildlife influence human settlement patterns in various geographic regions (e.g., Rocky Mountains, Coastal Plains, Southwest).

      • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)
      • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
      • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)
      • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)

    • G.1.4.8 Determine effects of movement and distribution of people, goods, and ideas on various places using geographic sources such as maps, satellite images, and geospatial technologies.

      • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)

    • G.1.4.9 Compare push-pull factors that influenced immigration to and migration within the United States, which may include: natural resources, employment opportunities, political freedom, economic freedom, and religious freedom.

      • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
      • Plymouth (4-A.3)
      • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)

  • Global Interconnections

    • G.1.4.10 Describe global connections created through increased trade, transportation, communication, and technology (e.g., tourism; social media; cities and hubs that are central to social, economic, and political decisions; introduction of plant and insect species).

      • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)

    • G.1.4.11 Analyze ways communities cooperate in providing relief efforts during and after natural and human-made disasters.

History

• H.1 Students will understand chronology, patterns of continuity, and change over time. This includes the contextualization of historical events and ways people gather, view, construct, and interpret historical evidence.

  • Chronology, Change over time, Contextualization

    • H.1.4.1 Create historical narratives using chronological sequences of related events in Arkansas and/or the world. Trail of Tears and the Indian Removal Act, Arkansas Suffrage Movement and the 19th Amendment, Civil Rights Movement, and Brown vs. the Board of Education and the Little Rock Nine.

      • The American Revolution: New British taxes (4-B.2)
      • The American Revolution: struggle for independence (4-B.6)
      • The American Revolution: conclusion and aftermath (4-B.8)
      • The Louisiana Purchase (4-C.1)
      • The War of 1812: causes (4-C.3)
      • The War of 1812: events and effects (4-C.4)
      • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part I (4-C.7)
      • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part II (4-C.8)
      • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (4-D.1)
      • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (4-D.2)
      • The Civil War: the end of the war (4-D.4)
      • Reconstruction (4-D.5)
      • World War I: the road to war (4-E.1)
      • World War I: the war begins (4-E.2)
      • World War I: events of the war (4-E.3)
      • World War I: the road to peace (4-E.4)
      • The Great Depression: part I (4-E.5)
      • The Great Depression: part II (4-E.6)
      • The New Deal (4-E.7)
      • World War II: lead-up to war in Europe, Asia (4-E.8)
      • World War II: global events (4-E.9)

    • H.1.4.2 Interpret timelines to show relationships among people, events, and movements in Arkansas and/or the world between 1850-1880. In U.S. history, national expansion and reform, pioneer life, and slavery. In Arkansas history, The Arkansas Traveler.

      • The American Revolution: the Thirteen Colonies under British rule (4-B.1)

    • H.1.4.3 Compare life from a specific historical time period to life today to explain changes over time (e.g., economic growth, urbanization, resources, population density, environmental issues).

      • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
      • Jamestown: growth of a colony (4-A.2)
      • Plymouth (4-A.3)
      • New England colonies: religion and government (4-A.4)
      • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)
      • Middle colonies: founding and government (4-A.6)
      • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
      • Southern colonies: founding and government (4-A.8)
      • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)
      • The Louisiana Purchase (4-C.1)
      • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)

    • H.1.4.4 Analyze the impact of individuals and events on the past, present, and future: Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Paine, James and Dolley Madison, Abraham Lincoln, and role of women (such as Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson, and Dorothy Vaughan) in STEM careers.

      • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
      • Jamestown: growth of a colony (4-A.2)
      • Plymouth (4-A.3)
      • New England colonies: religion and government (4-A.4)
      • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-A.5)
      • Middle colonies: founding and government (4-A.6)
      • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
      • Southern colonies: founding and government (4-A.8)
      • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)
      • The American Revolution: the Thirteen Colonies under British rule (4-B.1)
      • The American Revolution: New British taxes (4-B.2)
      • The American Revolution: struggle for independence (4-B.6)
      • The American Revolution: conclusion and aftermath (4-B.8)
      • The Louisiana Purchase (4-C.1)
      • The Lewis and Clark Expedition (4-C.2)
      • The War of 1812: causes (4-C.3)
      • The War of 1812: events and effects (4-C.4)
      • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (4-C.6)
      • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part I (4-C.7)
      • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part II (4-C.8)
      • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (4-D.1)
      • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (4-D.2)
      • The Civil War: the end of the war (4-D.4)
      • Reconstruction (4-D.5)
      • World War I: the road to war (4-E.1)
      • World War I: the war begins (4-E.2)
      • World War I: events of the war (4-E.3)
      • World War I: the road to peace (4-E.4)
      • The Great Depression: part I (4-E.5)
      • The Great Depression: part II (4-E.6)
      • The New Deal (4-E.7)
      • World War II: lead-up to war in Europe, Asia (4-E.8)
      • World War II: global events (4-E.9)

    • H.1.4.5 Reference historic places and national parks to guide inquiry about history. Toltec Mounds, Hot Springs National Park, and Ouachita National Forest.

      • Identify American landmarks and monuments: part I (4-L.2)
      • Identify American landmarks and monuments: part II (4-L.3)
      • The White House (4-L.5)
      • The Washington Monument (4-L.6)
      • The Lincoln Memorial (4-L.7)
      • The Statue of Liberty (4-L.8)
      • The Empire State Building (4-L.9)
      • The Golden Gate Bridge (4-L.10)
      • Mount Rushmore (4-L.11)

  • Perspective, Evidence, Causation

    • H.1.4.6 Describe how perspectives of different individuals and groups shaped the historical sources they created.

    • H.1.4.7 Identify reasons that individuals and groups developed differing perspectives during the same historical period.

      • The American Revolution: the Thirteen Colonies under British rule (4-B.1)
      • The American Revolution: the Boston Tea Party (4-B.3)
      • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)
      • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (4-C.6)
      • Reconstruction (4-D.5)

    • H.1.4.8 Develop original claims to answer compelling questions about a significant historical event or person from Arkansas or the United States using evidence from both primary and secondary sources.

      • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
      • Plymouth (4-A.3)
      • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-A.7)
      • The American Revolution: struggle for independence (4-B.6)
      • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (4-C.6)
      • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (4-D.2)
      • The Civil War: the end of the war (4-D.4)
      • Reconstruction (4-D.5)
      • The New Deal (4-E.7)
      • World War II: lead-up to war in Europe, Asia (4-E.8)
      • World War II: global events (4-E.9)
      • Thanksgiving (4-M.1)

    • H.1.4.9 Identify and discuss the benefits and challenges of using a variety of primary and secondary sources in historical inquiry (e.g., first-hand information and multiple perspectives versus author bias, incomplete information, and inaccurate interpretation).

      • Identify facts and opinions (4-Q.1)