Colorado

4.1 History

• 4.1.1 Analyze primary and secondary sources from multiple points of view to develop an understanding of the history of Colorado.

  • 4.1.1.a Draw inferences about Colorado history from primary sources such as journals, diaries, maps, treaties, oral histories, etc.

  • 4.1.1.b Identify cause-and-effect relationships using primary sources to understand the history of Colorado's development.

  • 4.1.1.c Explain, through multiple perspectives, the human interactions among people and cultures that are indigenous to or migrated to present-day Colorado. Including but not limited to: historic tribes of Colorado, the Ute Mountain Ute, Southern Ute, Spanish explorers, trappers, and traders.

  • 4.1.1.d Identify and describe how political and cultural groups have affected the development of the region. Including but not limited to: African American, Latino, Asian American, Indigenous Peoples, religious groups, and European settlers.

  • 4.1.1.e Discuss the multiple perspectives of settler colonialism/Westward Expansion and the impact on the political and cultural landscape of the region presently known as Colorado.

• 4.1.2 Describe the historical eras, individuals, groups, ideas, and themes in Colorado history and their relationship to key events in the United States within the same historical period.

  • 4.1.2.a Construct a timeline of the major events in Colorado history.

    • Reading and creating timelines with BCE and CE (4-V.1)

  • 4.1.2.b Explain the relationship between major events in Colorado history and events in United States history during the same era. Including but not limited to: Colorado statehood, the Ludlow and Sand Creek Massacres, creation of national parks in Colorado, the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl, Amaché, Chicano movement, and busing in Denver.

    • The Louisiana Purchase (4-D.1)
    • The Great Depression: part I (4-G.1)
    • The Great Depression: part II (4-G.2)
    • The New Deal (4-G.3)

  • 4.1.2.c Describe both past and present interactions among the people and cultures in Colorado. For example: African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, Indigenous Peoples, LGBTQ, and religious groups.

  • 4.1.2.d Describe the impact of various technological developments. For example: Changes in mining technologies, agricultural technology (center pivot irrigation), transportation, early 20th century industrial developments, and 20th century nuclear and computer technologies.

4.2 Geography

• 4.2.1 Use geographic tools to research and answer questions about Colorado geography.

  • 4.2.1.a Answer questions about Colorado regions using maps and other geographic tools.

    • Read a map: cardinal directions (4-I.1)
    • Identify lines of latitude and longitude (4-I.2)
    • Use lines of latitude and longitude (4-I.3)

  • 4.2.1.b Use geographic grids, including latitude and longitude, to locate places and answer questions about maps and images of Colorado.

    • Identify lines of latitude and longitude (4-I.2)
    • Use lines of latitude and longitude (4-I.3)

  • 4.2.1.c Create and investigate geographic questions about Colorado in relation to other places.

    • Read a map: cardinal directions (4-I.1)
    • Identify lines of latitude and longitude (4-I.2)
    • Use lines of latitude and longitude (4-I.3)
    • Identify oceans and continents (4-J.3)
    • Select oceans and continents (4-J.4)
    • Name oceans and continents (4-J.5)
    • Identify states of the West (4-L.1)
    • Select states of the West (4-L.2)
    • Name states of the West (4-L.3)
    • Identify state capitals of the West (4-M.1)
    • Cities of the West (4-N.1)

  • 4.2.1.d Illustrate, using geographic tools, how places in Colorado have changed and developed over time due to human activity.

  • 4.2.1.e Describe similarities and differences between the physical geography of Colorado and its neighboring states.

    • Identify Earth's land features using photographs (4-J.1)
    • Identify Earth's land features using satellite images (4-J.2)
    • Identify states of the West (4-L.1)
    • Select states of the West (4-L.2)
    • Name states of the West (4-L.3)

• 4.2.2 Examine the relationship between the physical environment and its effect on human activity.

  • 4.2.2.a Describe how the physical environment provides opportunities for and places constraints on human activities.

    • Identify Earth's land features using photographs (4-J.1)
    • Identify Earth's land features using satellite images (4-J.2)

  • 4.2.2.b Explain how physical environments influence immigration into the state.

  • 4.2.2.c Analyze how people use geographic factors in creating settlements and have adapted to and modified the local physical environment.

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
    • Jamestown: growth of a colony (4-A.2)
    • Plymouth (4-A.3)
    • New England colonies: economy and conflict (4-B.2)
    • Middle colonies: economy and society (4-B.4)
    • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-B.6)

  • 4.2.2.d Describe how places in Colorado are connected by movement of goods, services, and technology.

4.3 Economics

• 4.3.1 Explain how people respond to positive and negative incentives.

  • 4.3.1.a Define positive and negative economic incentives and describe how people typically respond to those incentives.

  • 4.3.1.b In a given situation, create a plan of appropriate incentives to achieve a desired result. For example: Offering a prize to the person who picks up the most trash on the playground.

  • 4.3.1.c Give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced in Colorado, in different historical periods, and their connection to economic incentives.

  • 4.3.1.d Explain how productive resources (natural, human, and capital) have influenced the types of goods produced and services provided in Colorado.

4.4 Civics

• 4.4.1 Investigate multiple perspectives on civic issues.

  • 4.4.1.a Give examples of issues faced by the state of Colorado and develop possible solutions.

  • 4.4.1.b Provide supportive arguments for both sides of a current public policy debate involving diverse stakeholders.

    • Identify facts and opinions (4-U.1)

  • 4.4.1.c Discuss how various individuals and groups influence the way an issue affecting the state is viewed and resolved. Including but not limited to the contributions of African Americans, Latinos, Japanese Americans, Indigenous Peoples, LGBTQ, and religious groups.

  • 4.4.1.d Identify and use appropriate sources to investigate and analyze issues from multiple diverse perspectives.

    • Identify facts and opinions (4-U.1)

• 4.4.2 Describe the origins, structures, and functions of the Colorado government.

  • 4.4.2.a Explain the historical foundation and events that led to the Colorado Constitution and the formation of the three branches of Colorado government.

  • 4.4.2.b Identify and explain a variety of roles leaders, citizens, and others play in state government.

    • State government (4-O.2)

  • 4.4.2.c Identify and explain the services the state government provides and how those services are funded.

    • State government (4-O.2)

  • 4.4.2.d Describe how the decisions of the state government affect local governments and interact with the federal government and sovereign indigenous nations.

  • 4.4.2.e Describe how a citizen might engage in local and state government to demonstrate their rights or initiate change.

    • Local government (4-O.1)
    • State government (4-O.2)

4.5 Personal Financial Literacy

• 4.5.1 Determine the opportunity cost when making a choice.

  • 4.5.1.a Define choice and opportunity cost.

    • Costs and benefits (4-R.2)
    • Opportunity cost (4-R.3)

  • 4.5.1.b Determine the relationship between long-term goals and opportunity cost.

    • Costs and benefits (4-R.2)

  • 4.5.1.c Analyze scenarios of choices including opportunity cost.

    • Costs and benefits (4-R.2)
    • Opportunity cost (4-R.3)