Florida

SC.912.P Physical Science

• SC.912.P.8 Matter

  • SC.912.P.8.1 Differentiate among the four states of matter.

  • SC.912.P.8.2 Differentiate between physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes of matter.

    • Classify matter using physical and chemical properties (Ch-D.1)

  • SC.912.P.8.3 Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by describing changes in the atomic model over time and why those changes were necessitated by experimental evidence.

  • SC.912.P.8.4 Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by describing the structure of atoms in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, and differentiate among these particles in terms of their mass, electrical charges and locations within the atom.

    • Count subatomic particles in atoms and ions (Ch-G.1)
    • Nuclear notation for atoms and ions (Ch-G.2)

  • SC.912.P.8.5 Relate properties of atoms and their position in the periodic table to the arrangement of their electrons.

    • Identify the electron configuration of an atom or ion (Ch-I.)
    • Periodic trends: Ionization energy (Ch-J.1)

  • SC.912.P.8.6 Distinguish between bonding forces holding compounds together and other attractive forces, including hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.

    • Introduction to chemical bonding (Ch-K.1)
    • Determine which type of chemical bond can form (Ch-K.2)
    • Identify the Lewis structure of a molecule or ion (Ch-M.1)
    • Explore intermolecular forces and kinetic energy in phase diagrams (Ch-N.1)

  • SC.912.P.8.7 Interpret formula representations of molecules and compounds in terms of composition and structure.

    • Name binary ionic compounds (Ch-L.1)
    • Name ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions (Ch-L.2)
    • Write chemical formulas of ionic compounds (Ch-L.3)

  • SC.912.P.8.8 Characterize types of chemical reactions, for example: redox, acid-base, synthesis, and single and double replacement reactions.

    • Classify chemical reactions (Ch-Q.1)

  • SC.912.P.8.9 Apply the mole concept and the law of conservation of mass to calculate quantities of chemicals participating in reactions.

    • Calculate molar mass (Ch-O.1)
    • Convert between mass and moles of a substance (Ch-O.2)
    • Convert between volume and moles of a gas at STP (Ch-O.)
    • Count atoms in chemical reactions using models (Ch-P.1)
    • Count atoms in chemical equations (Ch-P.2)
    • Balance chemical equations I (Ch-P.3)
    • Determine mole ratios (Ch-R.1)
    • Calculate the mass of a reactant or product (Ch-R.2)
    • Calculate the volume of a gaseous reactant or product at STP (Ch-R.3)

  • SC.912.P.8.10 Describe oxidation-reduction reactions in living and non-living systems.

  • SC.912.P.8.11 Relate acidity and basicity to hydronium and hydroxyl ion concentration and pH.

    • Calculations involving the pH of strong acids and bases (Ch-W.1)

  • SC.912.P.8.12 Describe the properties of the carbon atom that make the diversity of carbon compounds possible.

  • SC.912.P.8.13 Identify selected functional groups and relate how they contribute to properties of carbon compounds.

• SC.912.P.10 Energy

  • SC.912.P.10.1 Differentiate among the various forms of energy and recognize that they can be transformed from one form to others.

  • SC.912.P.10.6 Create and interpret potential energy diagrams, for example: chemical reactions, orbits around a central body, motion of a pendulum.

  • SC.912.P.10.7 Distinguish between endothermic and exothermic chemical processes.

    • Identify exothermic and endothermic processes (Ch-E.1)

  • SC.912.P.10.9 Describe the quantization of energy at the atomic level.

  • SC.912.P.10.11 Explain and compare nuclear reactions (radioactive decay, fission and fusion), the energy changes associated with them and their associated safety issues.

    • Classify nuclear reactions (Ch-H.1)

  • SC.912.P.10.12 Differentiate between chemical and nuclear reactions.

  • SC.912.P.10.18 Explore the theory of electromagnetism by comparing and contrasting the different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of wavelength, frequency, and energy, and relate them to phenomena and applications.

• SC.912.P.12 Motion

  • SC.912.P.12.10 Interpret the behavior of ideal gases in terms of kinetic molecular theory.

    • Boyle's Law: pressure and volume relationships of gases (Ch-S.1)

  • SC.912.P.12.11 Describe phase transitions in terms of kinetic molecular theory.

  • SC.912.P.12.12 Explain how various factors, such as concentration, temperature, and presence of a catalyst affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

    • Factors that affect reaction rate (Ch-U.1)

  • SC.912.P.12.13 Explain the concept of dynamic equilibrium in terms of reversible processes occurring at the same rates.

    • Predict the equilibrium shift (Ch-V.1)
    • Identify the stresses that cause an equilibrium shift (Ch-V.)

SC.912.N Nature of Science

• SC.912.N.1 The Practice of Science

  • SC.912.N.1.1 Define a problem based on a specific body of knowledge, for example: biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space science, and do the following:

    • SC.912.N.1.1.1 Pose questions about the natural world.

      • Identify the experimental question (Ch-A.3)
      • Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials (Ch-A.4)

    • SC.912.N.1.1.2 Conduct systematic observations.

      • The process of scientific inquiry (Ch-A.1)
      • Identify independent and dependent variables (Ch-A.2)
      • Identify significant figures in measurements (Ch-C.1)

    • SC.912.N.1.1.3 Examine books and other sources of information to see what is already known.

    • SC.912.N.1.1.4 Review what is known in light of empirical evidence.

    • SC.912.N.1.1.5 Plan investigations.

    • SC.912.N.1.1.6 Use tools to gather, analyze, and interpret data.

      • Identify laboratory tools (Ch-B.1)

    • SC.912.N.1.1.7 Pose answers, explanations, or descriptions of events.

    • SC.912.N.1.1.8 Generate explanations that explicate or describe natural phenomena (inferences).

    • SC.912.N.1.1.9 Use appropriate evidence and reasoning to justify these explanations to others.

    • SC.912.N.1.1.10 Communicate results of scientific investigations.

    • SC.912.N.1.1.11 Evaluate the merits of the explanations produced by others.