Florida

SC.912.P Physical Science

• SC.912.P.10 Energy

  • SC.912.P.10.1 Differentiate among the various forms of energy and recognize that they can be transformed from one form to others.

  • SC.912.P.10.2 Explore the Law of Conservation of Energy by differentiating among open, closed, and isolated systems and explain that the total energy in an isolated system is a conserved quantity.

    • Conservation of mechanical energy (Ph-H.1)

  • SC.912.P.10.3 Compare and contrast work and power qualitatively and quantitatively.

  • SC.912.P.10.4 Describe heat as the energy transferred by convection, conduction, and radiation, and explain the connection of heat to change in temperature or states of matter.

    • Calculations involving specific heat (Ph-J.1)

  • SC.912.P.10.6 Create and interpret potential energy diagrams, for example: chemical reactions, orbits around a central body, motion of a pendulum.

  • SC.912.P.10.8 Explain entropy's role in determining the efficiency of processes that convert energy to work.

  • SC.912.P.10.9 Describe the quantization of energy at the atomic level.

  • SC.912.P.10.10 Compare the magnitude and range of the four fundamental forces (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear).

  • SC.912.P.10.11 Explain and compare nuclear reactions (radioactive decay, fission and fusion), the energy changes associated with them and their associated safety issues.

    • Classify nuclear reactions (Ph-S.1)

  • SC.912.P.10.13 Relate the configuration of static charges to the electric field, electric force, electric potential, and electric potential energy.

    • Coulomb's law: electrostatic forces (Ph-P.1)

  • SC.912.P.10.14 Differentiate among conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.

  • SC.912.P.10.15 Investigate and explain the relationships among current, voltage, resistance, and power.

    • Ohm's law: voltage, current, and resistance (Ph-Q.1)

  • SC.912.P.10.16 Explain the relationship between moving charges and magnetic fields, as well as changing magnetic fields and electric fields, and their application to modern technologies.

    • Magnets and magnetism (Ph-R.1)

  • SC.912.P.10.17 Explore the theory of electromagnetism by explaining electromagnetic waves in terms of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

  • SC.912.P.10.18 Explore the theory of electromagnetism by comparing and contrasting the different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of wavelength, frequency, and energy, and relate them to phenomena and applications.

    • Properties of electromagnetic waves (Ph-N.1)

  • SC.912.P.10.19 Explain that all objects emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation and distinguish between objects that are blackbody radiators and those that are not.

  • SC.912.P.10.20 Describe the measurable properties of waves and explain the relationships among them and how these properties change when the wave moves from one medium to another.

    • Waves on strings (Ph-L.1)
    • Properties of electromagnetic waves (Ph-N.1)

  • SC.912.P.10.21 Qualitatively describe the shift in frequency in sound or electromagnetic waves due to the relative motion of a source or a receiver.

  • SC.912.P.10.22 Construct ray diagrams and use thin lens and mirror equations to locate the images formed by lenses and mirrors.

• SC.912.P.12 Motion

  • SC.912.P.12.1 Distinguish between scalar and vector quantities and assess which should be used to describe an event.

    • Decompose and compose two-dimensional vectors (Ph-C.1)
    • Add and subtract two-dimensional vectors: component form (Ph-C.2)

  • SC.912.P.12.2 Analyze the motion of an object in terms of its position, velocity, and acceleration (with respect to a frame of reference) as functions of time.

    • Distance and displacement in one dimension (Ph-D.1)
    • Solve problems using kinematic equations (Ph-D.2)
    • Solve projectile motion problems given components of velocity (Ph-E.1)
    • Solve projectile motion problems given magnitude and direction of velocity (Ph-E.2)
    • Circular motion (Ph-I.1)

  • SC.912.P.12.3 Interpret and apply Newton's three laws of motion.

    • Newton's laws of motion (Ph-F.1)
    • Newton's first law of motion (Ph-F.2)
    • Newton's second law of motion (Ph-F.3)

  • SC.912.P.12.4 Describe how the gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them.

    • Newton's law of universal gravitation (Ph-I.2)

  • SC.912.P.12.5 Apply the law of conservation of linear momentum to interactions, such as collisions between objects.

    • Conservation of momentum (Ph-G.1)

  • SC.912.P.12.6 Qualitatively apply the concept of angular momentum.

  • SC.912.P.12.7 Recognize that nothing travels faster than the speed of light in vacuum which is the same for all observers no matter how they or the light source are moving.

  • SC.912.P.12.8 Recognize that Newton's Laws are a limiting case of Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity at speeds that are much smaller than the speed of light.

  • SC.912.P.12.9 Recognize that time, length, and energy depend on the frame of reference.