Virginia

Skills

• VS.1 The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

  • a analyzing and interpreting artifacts and primary and secondary sources to understand events in Virginia history;

    • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)
    • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (4-D.1)
    • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (4-D.2)
    • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (4-D.3)
    • The Civil War: the end of the war (4-D.4)

  • b analyzing the impact of geographic features on people, places, and events to support an understanding of events in Virginia history;

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
    • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)

  • c interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in Virginia history;

    • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)
    • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (4-D.1)
    • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (4-D.2)
    • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (4-D.3)
    • The Civil War: the end of the war (4-D.4)

  • d recognizing points of view and historical perspectives;

    • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (4-C.6)

  • e comparing and contrasting ideas and cultural perspectives in Virginia history;

    • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)
    • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (4-D.1)
    • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (4-D.2)
    • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (4-D.3)
    • The Civil War: the end of the war (4-D.4)

  • f determining relationships with multiple causes or effects in Virginia history;

  • g explaining connections across time and place;

    • Reading and creating timelines with BCE and CE (4-Q.2)

  • h using a decision-making model to identify costs and benefits of a specific choice made;

    • Costs and benefits (4-N.2)
    • Opportunity cost (4-N.3)

  • i practicing good citizenship skills and respect for rules and laws while collaborating, compromising, and participating in classroom activities; and

  • j investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

Virginia: The Physical Geography and Native Peoples

• VS.2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between physical geography and the lives of the native peoples, past and present, of Virginia by

  • a locating Virginia and its bordering states on maps of the United States;

    • Identify states of the Southeast (4-H.7)
    • Select states of the Southeast (4-H.8)
    • Name states of the Southeast (4-H.9)

  • b locating and describing Virginia's Coastal Plain (Tidewater), Piedmont, Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, and Appalachian Plateau;

  • c locating and identifying water features important to the early history of Virginia (Atlantic Ocean, Chesapeake Bay, James River, York River, Potomac River, Rappahannock River, and Lake Drummond and the Dismal Swamp);

  • d locating three American Indian language groups (the Algonquian, the Siouan, and the Iroquoian) on a map of Virginia;

  • e describing how American Indians related to the climate and their environment to secure food, clothing, and shelter;

  • f describing how archaeologists have recovered new material evidence at sites including Werowocomoco and Jamestown; and

  • g describing the lives of American Indians in Virginia today.

Colonization and Conflict: 1607 through the American Revolution

• VS.3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the first permanent English settlement in America by

  • a explaining the reasons for English colonization;

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
    • Southern colonies: founding and government (4-A.8)

  • b describing the economic and geographic influences on the decision to settle at Jamestown;

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)

  • c describing the importance of the charters of the Virginia Company of London in establishing the Jamestown settlement;

  • d identifying the importance of the General Assembly (1619) as the first representative legislative body in English America;

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
    • Southern colonies: founding and government (4-A.8)

  • e identifying the impact of the arrival of Africans and English women to the Jamestown settlement;

    • Jamestown: growth of a colony (4-A.2)

  • f describing the hardships faced by settlers at Jamestown and the changes that took place to ensure survival; and

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)

  • g describing the interactions between the English settlers and the native peoples, including the role of the Powhatan in the survival of the settlers.

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
    • Jamestown: growth of a colony (4-A.2)

• VS.4 The student will demonstrate an understanding of life in the Virginia colony by

  • a explaining the importance of agriculture and its influence on the institution of slavery;

    • Jamestown: the early years (4-A.1)
    • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)

  • b describing how the culture of colonial Virginia reflected the origins of American Indians, European (English, Scots-Irish, German) immigrants, and Africans;

  • c explaining the reasons for the relocation of Virginia's capital from Jamestown to Williamsburg;

  • d describing how money, barter, and credit were used; and

  • e describing everyday life in colonial Virginia.

    • Southern colonies: economy and slavery (4-A.9)

• VS.5 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the role of Virginia in the American Revolution by

  • a identifying the reasons why the colonies went to war with Great Britain, as expressed in the Declaration of Independence;

    • The American Revolution: the Thirteen Colonies under British rule (4-B.1)
    • The American Revolution: New British taxes (4-B.2)
    • The American Revolution: the Boston Tea Party (4-B.3)
    • The American Revolution: the rebellion begins (4-B.4)

  • b identifying the various roles of American Indians, whites, enslaved African Americans, and free African Americans in the Revolutionary War era, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, the Marquis de Lafayette, and James Lafayette;

    • The American Revolution: struggle for independence (4-B.6)

  • c identifying the importance of the American victory at Yorktown; and

    • The American Revolution: conclusion and aftermath (4-B.8)

  • d examining the reasons for the relocation of Virginia's capital from Williamsburg to Richmond.

Political Growth and Western Expansion: 1781 to the Mid 1800s

• VS.6 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the role of Virginia in the establishment of the new American nation by

  • a explaining why George Washington is called the "Father of our Country" and James Madison is called the "Father of the Constitution";

    • The Constitution (4-K.4)

  • b identifying the ideas of George Mason, as expressed in the Virginia Declaration of Rights, and Thomas Jefferson, as expressed in the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom; and

  • c explaining the influence of geography and technological advances on the migration of Virginians into other states and western territories in the first half of the 1800s.

Civil War and Postwar Eras

• VS.7 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the issues that divided our nation and led to the Civil War by

  • a explaining the major events and the differences between northern and southern states that divided Virginians and led to secession, war, and the creation of West Virginia;

    • Antebellum Period: economies of the North and South (4-C.5)
    • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (4-C.6)
    • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part I (4-C.7)
    • Antebellum Period: slavery and politics part II (4-C.8)

  • b describing Virginia's role in the war, including identifying major battles that took place in Virginia; and

    • The Civil War: the beginning of the war (4-D.1)
    • The Civil War: the First Battle of Bull Run to Gettysburg (4-D.2)
    • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (4-D.3)
    • The Civil War: the end of the war (4-D.4)

  • c describing the roles of American Indians, whites, enslaved African Americans, and free African Americans.

    • Antebellum Period: abolitionist and proslavery perspectives (4-C.6)
    • The Civil War: war tactics and the home front (4-D.3)

• VS.8 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the reconstruction of Virginia following the Civil War by

  • a identifying the effects of Reconstruction on life in Virginia;

    • Reconstruction (4-D.5)

  • b identifying the effects of segregation and "Jim Crow" on life in Virginia for American Indians, whites, and African Americans; and

  • c describing the importance of railroads, new industries, and the growth of cities to Virginia's economic development.

Virginia: 1900 to the Present

• VS.9 The student will demonstrate an understanding of Virginia during the twentieth century and beyond by

  • a describing the economic and social transition from a rural, agricultural society to a more urban, industrialized society;

  • b describing how national events, including women's suffrage and the Great Depression, affected Virginia and its citizens;

    • World War I: the road to war (4-E.1)
    • World War I: the war begins (4-E.2)
    • World War I: events of the war (4-E.3)
    • World War I: the road to peace (4-E.4)
    • The Great Depression: part I (4-E.5)
    • The Great Depression: part II (4-E.6)
    • The New Deal (4-E.7)
    • World War II: lead-up to war in Europe, Asia (4-E.8)
    • World War II: global events (4-E.9)

  • c describing the social and political events in Virginia linked to desegregation and Massive Resistance and their relationship to national history; and

  • d describing the political, social, or economic impact made by Maggie L. Walker; Harry F. Byrd, Sr.; Oliver W. Hill, Sr.; Arthur R. Ashe, Jr.; A. Linwood Holton, Jr.; and L. Douglas Wilder

• VS.10 The student will demonstrate an understanding of Virginia government, geography, and economics by

  • a identifying the three branches of Virginia government and the function of each;

    • State government (4-K.2)

  • b describing the major products and industries important to Virginia's economy;

  • c explaining how advances in transportation, communications, and technology have contributed to Virginia's prosperity and role in the global economy.