Arkansas

History

• H.5 Students will understand key historical periods from the Emergence of Modern America, 1890-1930 (Era 7), to the Contemporary United States, 1968 to Present (Era 10). This includes the patterns of social, economic, and political change over time and the ways people view, construct, and interpret the history of the United States.

  • Era 8 1929-1945, The Great Depression and World War II - United States during and following these major events

    • H.5.USH.1 Demonstrate proper etiquette for interacting with the Arkansas and American flags and analyze the free speech rights of citizens regarding the use of flags (e.g., West Virginia vs. Barnette, Texas vs. Johnson).

    • H.5.USH.2 Analyze national and international causes of the Great Depression: Political causes (e.g., protectionism, tariffs); Economic and monetary causes (e.g., speculation, overproduction, farm surplus, foreclosures, easy credit, deflation, unemployment); Environmental causes (e.g., Dust Bowl).

      • Causes of the Great Depression (US-K.1)

    • H.5.USH.3 Analyze the expanded role of the federal government's domestic interventions and fiscal policy in response to the Great Depression: New Deal legislation (e.g., Emergency Banking Relief Act, Agricultural Adjustment Act, Social Security Act, National Labor Relations Act); Federal work relief agencies (e.g., Tennessee Valley Authority, Civilian Conservation Corps, Public Works Administration, Work Progress Administration); Changing role of the federal government in the economy (e.g., social security, minimum wage).

      • Identify New Deal agencies (US-K.2)
      • Source analysis: fireside chats (US-K.3)

    • H.5.USH.4 Evaluate the effectiveness of New Deal policies on various regions during the Great Depression, including their effects on unemployment, poverty, infrastructure, and the views of Americans toward the role of government in the economy.

      • Identify New Deal agencies (US-K.2)
      • Source analysis: fireside chats (US-K.3)

    • H.5.USH.5 Evaluate various motives for initial U.S. neutrality and later involvement in World War II: Isolationist foreign policy; Financial and ideological motives; Direct threat by foreign powers to American interests.

      • Causes of World War II (US-L.1)
      • World War II: U.S. entry (US-L.)

    • H.5.USH.6 Examine the roles and perspectives of national and foreign leaders during World War II.

      • Causes of World War II (US-L.1)
      • World War II: U.S. entry (US-L.)
      • Japanese American internment (US-L.2)

    • H.5.USH.7 Analyze the historical significance of key battles, events, and people during World War II, including the Holocaust: Battles (e.g., Pearl Harbor, Battle of Midway, D-Day, Battle of the Bulge, Iwo Jima, Battle of Okinawa); Events (e.g., Guam liberation, atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, V-E Day, V-J Day); People (e.g., Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, George Patton, Douglas MacArthur, Navajo Code Talkers, Fighting Red Tails, 442nd Infantry Regiment).

      • World War II: U.S. entry (US-L.)

    • H.5.USH.8 Analyze the social, economic, and political effects of World War II on the American people: War efforts at home (e.g., victory gardens, rationing, defense industry towns, contributions of women and minorities); Japanese-American internment camps and Korematsu vs. United States; Service member casualties, including prisoners of war, missing and wounded in action.

      • Japanese American internment (US-L.2)

    • H.5.USH.9 Analyze the impact of advances in science and technology during World War II.

    • H.5.USH.10 Evaluate the use of media and propaganda to influence the viewpoints and perspectives of the American people during World War II.

  • Era 9 1945 to Early 1970s, Post-war United States through 1970s - International events and trends resulting in the emergence of the United States as a superpower

    • H.5.USH.11 Examine the social, economic, and political results and implications of World War II nationally, including the end of American isolationism, the Yalta Conference and its global implications, and cultural changes in the U.S. (e.g., baby boom, women in workforce, desegregation of armed forces).

      • Introduction to the Cold War (US-M.1)
      • The presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower (US-M.)

    • H.5.USH.12 Analyze the origins, developments, and effects of Soviet-American rivalry in the Cold War: Origins (e.g., Yalta Conference, differences in Soviet and American philosophies and economic and political systems); Developments (e.g., Marshall Plan, Berlin Blockade, Truman Doctrine, American containment policy, Soviet aggression); Effects (e.g., international alliances and treaties (such as NATO, Warsaw Pact), nuclear arms race, space race, McCarthyism).

      • Introduction to the Cold War (US-M.1)
      • The presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower (US-M.)

    • H.5.USH.13 Analyze sources of conflict and confrontation during the post-World War II era using maps and other sources: Nuclear weapons; Truman Doctrine; Proxy wars and direct conflicts, including Korean War, Vietnam War, and Cuban Missile Crisis.

      • Introduction to the Cold War (US-M.1)
      • The presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower (US-M.)

    • H.5.USH.14 Discuss the effects of changes in U.S. foreign policy following World War II, including American containment and appeasement policies in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East.

      • The presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower (US-M.)
      • The presidency of John F. Kennedy (US-N.1)

    • H.5.USH.15 Evaluate the effectiveness of international organizations in preventing, resolving, or perpetuating conflicts: United Nations; NATO; Warsaw Pact.

      • Introduction to the Cold War (US-M.1)

    • H.5.USH.16 Construct explanations on reasons for the emergence of the United States as a superpower by the mid-1970s.

      • Introduction to the Cold War (US-M.1)
      • The presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower (US-M.)
      • The presidency of John F. Kennedy (US-N.1)
      • The presidency of Richard Nixon (US-P.)

    • H.5.USH.17 Analyze the roles of individuals, groups, and events in securing civil rights during the mid-20th century: Individuals (e.g., Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, Earl Warren, Thurgood Marshall, Cesar Chavez); Groups (e.g., NAACP, Freedom Riders, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee); Events (e.g., murder of Emmett Till, Brown vs. Board of Education, desegregation of Little Rock Central High School, passage of 24th Amendment, passage of Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968, sit-ins, assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.).

      • Civil rights movement: school desegregation (US-O.1)
      • Source analysis: Letter from Birmingham Jail (US-O.)

    • H.5.USH.18 Analyze causes and effects of cultural changes on society in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s: Changing views on family structure and the roles of women and students; Suburbanization; Secularization (e.g., Engel vs. Vitale, Lemon test); Counterculture, student protests, and increased drug use (e.g., Tinker vs. Des Moines, Woodstock, Summer of Love, Vietnam protests); Law and politics (e.g., Chicago Seven trial, 26th Amendment, Congress' use of interstate commerce clause).

    • H.5.USH.19 Analyze the technological transformation on social, economic, and political trends in America during the 1970s and 1980s.

      • The presidency of Richard Nixon (US-P.)
      • The presidency of Jimmy Carter (US-P.)
      • The presidency of Ronald Reagan: domestic policy and legacy (US-P.)

    • H.5.USH.20 Examine domestic policies and outcomes of the federal government between 1945 and 1970: Eisenhower Modern Republicanism; Federal Highway Act of 1956; New Frontier; Great Society; Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968; Southern Manifesto and Dixiecrats.

      • The presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower (US-M.)
      • The presidency of John F. Kennedy (US-N.1)
      • Civil rights movement: school desegregation (US-O.1)

    • H.5.USH.21 Construct historical arguments of long-term effects of social and economic changes occurring during the mid-20th century using available data and multiple sources.

  • Era 10 1968 to Present, Contemporary United States to Present - Domestic and foreign policies of the United States since 1968

    • H.5.USH.22 Examine continuity and change in domestic policies under multiple administrations since 1968, including debates on the national debt, size and role of government, tax policy, inflation, and "Reaganomics."

      • The presidency of Richard Nixon (US-P.)
      • The presidency of Jimmy Carter (US-P.)
      • The presidency of Ronald Reagan: domestic policy and legacy (US-P.)

    • H.5.USH.23 Analyze effects of domestic policies on Americans in marginalized groups: Growth of African American middle class, increased political representation; Protection of rights for Americans with disabilities (e.g., Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990); Increased recognition of Indigenous sovereignty (e.g., Indian Child Welfare Act, Tribal Self Governance Act); Progress of women's rights (e.g., Equal Pay Act of 1963, Title IX); Other impactful policies (e.g., "War on Drugs," welfare state, Patriot Act).

      • The presidency of Ronald Reagan: domestic policy and legacy (US-P.)

    • H.5.USH.24 Examine continuity and change in foreign policies under Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H.W. Bush: Nixon's SALT treaties (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) and diplomatic relations with China; Ford's withdrawal from Vietnam; Carter's Camp David Accords and OPEC oil crisis; Reagan's relationship with the Soviet Union and fall of Eastern European Communism; Bush's involvement in the Persian Gulf.

      • The presidency of Richard Nixon (US-P.)
      • The presidency of Jimmy Carter (US-P.)
      • The Gulf War (US-P.)

    • H.5.USH.25 Examine reasons for and consequences of United States involvement in foreign conflicts, including American foreign policy under multiple administrations, and the changing view of America's international role: Foreign policies of Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden; Role of NATO in Eastern Europe and post-Communist Russia; Response to China as a competitor and possible threat; U.S. involved conflicts (e.g., Grenada, First and Second Gulf Wars, Iran-Contra, Nicaragua, Libya, Syria, Israel, Afghanistan).

      • The Gulf War (US-P.)

    • H.5.USH.26 Construct explanations of change and continuity in foreign policy since 2001 after the September 11th, terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C.: Response of the Bush administration; Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq; Domestic and international efforts to combat terrorism (e.g., the Patriot Act, Hamdi vs. Rumsfeld).

    • H.5.USH.27 Examine the social and economic effects of globalization on the United States: Trade agreements and organizations (e.g., European Union, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), World Trade Organization (WTO)); Economic shifts due to international agreements (e.g., cheap labor, decline in American manufacturing, multinational corporations); Increased immigration from Latin America, South Asia, and East Asia.

    • H.5.USH.28 Analyze the effectiveness of citizens, institutions, and the government in addressing environmental and social issues at the local, state, and national levels since 1968: Environmental issues (e.g., creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Earth Day movement, National Environmental Policy Act of 1970, push towards alternative forms of energy); Social issues (e.g., increased government involvement in housing and healthcare, expansion of civil rights, Reagan Revolution, welfare and unemployment reform, AIDS crisis, coronavirus pandemic).

      • The presidency of Richard Nixon (US-P.)
      • The presidency of Ronald Reagan: domestic policy and legacy (US-P.)

    • H.5.USH.29 Evaluate the cultural and technological transformation in the United States from 1968 to the present, including the increased use of personal technology, advancements in energy and medicine, and influence of the media and entertainment industry (e.g., websites, documentaries, movies, newspaper articles, biographies).