Arizona

8.P Physical Sciences

• 8.P1U1.2 Obtain and evaluate information regarding how scientists identify substances based on unique physical and chemical properties.

  • Compare physical and chemical changes (8-F.5)
  • Explore chemical structure and properties: soapmaking (8-F.6)
  • Explore chemical structure and properties: food flavors (8-F.7)

• 8.P4U1.3 Construct an explanation on how energy can be transferred from one energy store to another.

  • Explore energy transformations: roller coaster ride (8-H.3)
  • Explore energy transformations: bike ride (8-H.4)

• 8.P4U1.4 Develop and use mathematical models to explain wave characteristics and interactions.

  • Compare amplitudes, wavelengths, and frequencies of waves (8-K.1)
  • Compare energy of waves (8-K.2)

• 8.P4U2.5 Develop a solution to increase efficiency when transferring energy from one source to another.

8.E Earth and Space Sciences

• 8.E1U1.6 Analyze and interpret data about the Earth's geological column to communicate relative ages of rock layers and fossils.

  • Compare ages of fossils in a rock sequence (8-S.2)

• 8.E1U3.7 Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about data and historical patterns to predict natural hazards and other geological events.

  • Analyze natural hazard maps (8-FF.1)

• 8.E1U3.8 Construct and support an argument about how human consumption of limited resources impacts the biosphere.

8.L Life Sciences

• 8.L3U1.9 Construct an explanation of how genetic variations occur in offspring through the inheritance of traits or through mutations.

  • Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype (8-Q.2)
  • Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive (8-Q.3)
  • Genetic variation in sexual reproduction (8-Q.4)
  • Complete and interpret Punnett squares (8-Q.5)
  • Use Punnett squares to calculate ratios of offspring types (8-Q.6)
  • Use Punnett squares to calculate probabilities of offspring types (8-Q.7)
  • Angiosperm and conifer life cycles (8-T.1)
  • Moss and fern life cycles (8-T.2)

• 8.L3U3.10 Communicate how advancements in technology have furthered the field of genetic research and use evidence to support an argument about the positive and negative effects of genetic research on human lives.

• 8.L4U1.11 Develop and use a model to explain how natural selection may lead to increases and decreases of specific traits in populations over time.

  • Introduction to natural selection (8-R.2)
  • Calculate the percentages of traits in a population (8-R.3)
  • Calculate the averages of traits in a population (8-R.4)
  • Construct explanations of natural selection (8-R.5)

• 8.L4U1.12 Gather and communicate evidence on how the process of natural selection provides an explanation of how new species can evolve.

  • Introduction to natural selection (8-R.2)
  • Calculate the percentages of traits in a population (8-R.3)
  • Calculate the averages of traits in a population (8-R.4)
  • Construct explanations of natural selection (8-R.5)