Ohio

ESS Earth and Space Science

• This topic focuses on air and water as they relate to weather and weather changes that can be observed and measured.

  • The atmosphere is made up of air.

    • Air has properties that can be observed and measured. The transfer of energy in the atmosphere causes air movement, which is felt as wind. Wind speed and direction can be measured.

  • Water is present in the air.

    • Water is present in the air as clouds, steam, fog, rain, ice, snow, sleet or hail. When water in the air cools (change of energy), it forms small droplets of water that can be seen as clouds. Water can change from liquid to vapor in the air and from vapor to liquid. The water droplets can form into raindrops. Water droplets can change to solid by freezing into snow, sleet or hail. Clouds are moved by flowing air.

      • Change-of-state diagrams: solid and liquid (2-C.1)
      • Change-of-state diagrams: liquid and gas (2-C.2)
      • Change-of-state diagrams: solid, liquid, and gas (2-C.3)
      • Heating, cooling, and changes of state: melting and freezing (2-C.4)
      • Heating, cooling, and changes of state: vaporizing and condensing (2-C.5)

  • Long- and short-term weather changes occur due to changes in energy.

    • Changes in energy affect all aspects of weather, including temperature, precipitation amount and wind.

LS Life Science

• This topic focuses on how ecosystems work by observations of simple interactions between the biotic/living and abiotic/nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Just as living things impact the environment in which they live, the environment impacts living things.

  • Living things cause changes on Earth.

    • Living things function and interact with their physical environments. Living things cause changes in the environments where they live; the changes can be very noticeable or slightly noticeable, fast or slow.

      • Identify ecosystems (3-P.1)

  • Some kinds of individuals that once lived on Earth have completely disappeared, although they were something like others that are alive today.

    • Living things that once lived on Earth no longer exist; their basic needs were no longer met.

      • Introduction to fossils (3-R.1)
      • Compare fossils to modern organisms (3-R.2)
      • Compare ancient and modern organisms: use observations to support a hypothesis (3-R.3)

PS Physical Science

• This topic focuses on observing the relationship between forces and motion.

  • Forces change the motion of an object.

    • Motion can increase, change direction or stop depending on the force applied.

      • Identify pushes and pulls (2-G.1)

    • The change in motion of an object is related to the size of the force.

      • How do mass and force affect motion? (2-G.2)

    • Some forces act without touching, such as using a magnet to move an object or objects falling to the ground.

      • Identify magnets that attract or repel (2-H.1)
      • Label magnets that attract or repel (2-H.2)