Ohio

History

• Historical Thinking and Skills

  • 1 Events in local history can be shown on timelines organized by years, decades and centuries.

  • 2 Primary sources such as artifacts, maps and photographs can be used to show change over time.

• Heritage

  • 3 Local communities change over time.

Geography

• Spatial Thinking and Skills

  • 4 Physical and political maps have distinctive characteristics and purposes. Places can be located on a map by using the title, key, alphanumeric grid and cardinal directions.

    • Read a letter-number grid (3-A.1)
    • Use a letter-number grid (3-A.2)
    • Read a map: cardinal directions (3-A.3)
    • Identify oceans and continents (3-A.4)
    • Select oceans and continents (3-A.5)
    • Name oceans and continents (3-A.6)

• Places and Regions

  • 5 Daily life is influenced by the agriculture, industry and natural resources in different communities.

    • Identify urban, suburban, and rural areas (3-A.10)
    • Compare urban, suburban, and rural areas (3-A.11)

• Human Systems

  • 6 Evidence of human modification of the environment can be observed in the local community.

  • 7 Systems of transportation and communication move people, products and ideas from place to place.

  • 8 Communities may include diverse cultural groups.

Government

• Civic Participation and Skills

  • 9 Members of local communities have social and political responsibilities.

    • Local government (3-E.2)
    • Presidential elections (3-E.8)

  • 10 Individuals make the community a better place by solving problems in a way that promotes the common good.

• Rules and Laws

  • 11 Laws are rules which apply to all people in a community and describe ways people are expected to behave. Laws promote order and security, provide public services and protect the rights of individuals in the local community.

    • Purpose of government (3-E.1)
    • Local government (3-E.2)

• Roles and Systems of Government

  • 12 Governments have authority to make and enforce laws.

    • Purpose of government (3-E.1)
    • Local government (3-E.2)
    • The Constitution (3-E.5)

  • 13 The structure of local governments may differ from one community to another.

    • Local government (3-E.2)

Economics

• Economic Decision Making and Skills

  • 14 Line graphs are used to show changes in data over time.

  • 15 Both positive and negative incentives affect people's choices and behaviors.

• Scarcity

  • 16 Individuals must make decisions because of the scarcity of resources. Making a decision involves an opportunity cost, the value of the next best alternative given up when an economic choice is made.

• Production and Consumption

  • 17 A consumer is a person whose wants are satisfied by using goods and services. A producer makes goods and/or provides services.

    • Goods and services (3-H.3)
    • Producers and consumers (3-H.4)

• Markets

  • 18 A market is where buyers and sellers exchange goods and services.

    • Goods and services (3-H.3)
    • Producers and consumers (3-H.4)

• Financial Literacy

  • 19 Making decisions involves weighing costs and benefits.

    • Costs and benefits (4-N.2)
    • Opportunity cost (4-N.3)

  • 20 A budget is a plan to help people make personal economic decisions for the present and future and to become more financially responsible.