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Skills available for Ohio eighth-grade social studies standards

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Ohio Learning Standards: Grade 8: U.S. Studies From 1492 to 1877: Exploration Through Reconstruction Ohio Learning Standards: Grade 8: U.S. Studies From 1492 to 1877: Exploration Through Reconstruction
Ohio New Learning Standards (2010) Ohio New Learning Standards (2010)
Ohio New Learning Standards: Grades 6-8 Literacy in History/Social Studies Ohio New Learning Standards: Grades 6-8 Literacy in History/Social Studies

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H History

H.HT Historical Thinking and Skills
- H.HT.1 Primary and secondary sources are used to examine events from multiple perspectives and to present and defend a position.
H.CI Colonization to Independence
- H.CI.2 North America, originally inhabited by American Indians, was explored and colonized by Europeans for economic and religious reasons.
  - French and English expeditions: part I (8-I.4)
  - French and English expeditions: part II (8-I.5)
- H.CI.3 Competition for control of territory and resources in North America led to conflicts among colonizing powers.
  - Causes of the American Revolution: the French and Indian War (8-L.1)
- H.CI.4 The practice of race-based slavery led to the forced migration of Africans to the American colonies and contributed to colonial economic development. Their knowledge, skills and traditions were essential to the development of the colonies.
  - Southern Colonies: economy and slavery (8-K.10)
  - Slavery in the South (8-O.5)
- H.CI.5 The ideas of the Enlightenment and dissatisfaction with colonial rule led English colonists to write the Declaration of Independence and launch the American Revolution.
- H.CI.6 Key events and significant figures in American history influenced the course and outcome of the American Revolution.
H.NN A New Nation
- H.NN.7 The outcome of the American Revolution was national independence and new political, social and economic relationships for the American people.
  - The Revolutionary War: conclusion and aftermath (8-L.8)
  - Source analysis: the Declaration of Independence (8-L.10)
- H.NN.8 Problems arising under the Articles of Confederation led to debate over the adoption of the U.S. Constitution.
  - The Articles of Confederation (8-M.1)
  - The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)
- H.NN.9 Actions of early presidential administrations established a strong federal government, provided peaceful transitions of power and repelled a foreign invasion.
H.E Expansion
- H.E.10 The United States added to its territory through treaties and purchases.
- H.E.11 Westward expansion contributed to economic and industrial development, debates over sectional issues, war with Mexico and the displacement of American Indians.
  - Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears (8-N.3)
H.CWR Civil War and Reconstruction
- H.CWR.12 Disputes over the nature of federalism, complicated by economic developments in the United States, resulted in sectional issues, including slavery, which led to the American Civil War.
- H.CWR.13 Key events and significant figures in American history influenced the course and outcome of the Civil War.
- H.CWR.14 The Reconstruction period resulted in changes to the U.S. Constitution, an affirmation of federal authority and lingering social and political differences.
  - Radical Reconstruction (8-Q.1)
  - The end of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow (8-Q.2)

G Geography

G.ST Spatial Thinking and Skills
- G.ST.15 Modern and historical maps and other geographic tools are used to analyze how historic events are shaped by geography.
G.HS Human Systems
- G.HS.16 The availability of natural resources contributed to the geographic and economic expansion of the United States, sometimes resulting in unintended environmental consequences.
- G.HS.17 The movement of people, products and ideas resulted in new patterns of settlement and land use that influenced the political and economic development of the United States.
- G.HS.18 Cultural biases, stereotypes and prejudices had social, political and economic consequences for minority groups and the population as a whole.
- G.HS.19 Americans began to develop a unique national identity among diverse regional and cultural populations based on democratic ideals.

GOV Government

GOV.CP Civic Participation and Skills
- GOV.CP.20 Active participation in social and civic groups can lead to the attainment of individual and public goals.
  - Rights and responsibilities of active citizenship (8-D.2)
- GOV.CP.21 Informed citizens understand how media and communication technology influence public opinion.
GOV.RS Roles and Systems of Government
- GOV.RS.22 The U.S. Constitution established a federal republic, providing a framework for a national government with elected representatives, separation of powers, and checks and balances.
  - The Constitution: structure and principles (8-B.1)
  - The Constitutional Convention (8-M.2)
- GOV.RS.23 The U.S. Constitution protects citizens' rights by limiting the powers of government.
  - The Bill of Rights (8-B.4)

E Economics

E.DM Economic Decision Making and Skills
- E.DM.24 Choices made by individuals, businesses and governments have both present and future consequences.
  - Opportunity cost (8-E.3)
E.PC Production and Consumption
- E.PC.25 The Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed the means of production as a result of improvements in technology, use of new power resources, the advent of interchangeable parts and the shift from craftwork to factory work.
  - Industrial and Transportation Revolutions (8-O.1)
E.M Markets
- E.M.26 Governments can impact markets by means of spending, regulations, taxes and trade barriers.

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H History

H.HT Historical Thinking and Skills

H.HT.1 Primary and secondary sources are used to examine events from multiple perspectives and to present and defend a position.

H.CI Colonization to Independence

H.CI.2 North America, originally inhabited by American Indians, was explored and colonized by Europeans for economic and religious reasons.

H.CI.3 Competition for control of territory and resources in North America led to conflicts among colonizing powers.

H.CI.4 The practice of race-based slavery led to the forced migration of Africans to the American colonies and contributed to colonial economic development. Their knowledge, skills and traditions were essential to the development of the colonies.

H.CI.5 The ideas of the Enlightenment and dissatisfaction with colonial rule led English colonists to write the Declaration of Independence and launch the American Revolution.

H.CI.6 Key events and significant figures in American history influenced the course and outcome of the American Revolution.

H.NN A New Nation

H.NN.7 The outcome of the American Revolution was national independence and new political, social and economic relationships for the American people.

H.NN.8 Problems arising under the Articles of Confederation led to debate over the adoption of the U.S. Constitution.

H.NN.9 Actions of early presidential administrations established a strong federal government, provided peaceful transitions of power and repelled a foreign invasion.

H.E Expansion

H.E.10 The United States added to its territory through treaties and purchases.

H.E.11 Westward expansion contributed to economic and industrial development, debates over sectional issues, war with Mexico and the displacement of American Indians.

H.CWR Civil War and Reconstruction

H.CWR.12 Disputes over the nature of federalism, complicated by economic developments in the United States, resulted in sectional issues, including slavery, which led to the American Civil War.

H.CWR.13 Key events and significant figures in American history influenced the course and outcome of the Civil War.

H.CWR.14 The Reconstruction period resulted in changes to the U.S. Constitution, an affirmation of federal authority and lingering social and political differences.

G Geography

G.ST Spatial Thinking and Skills

G.ST.15 Modern and historical maps and other geographic tools are used to analyze how historic events are shaped by geography.

G.HS Human Systems

G.HS.16 The availability of natural resources contributed to the geographic and economic expansion of the United States, sometimes resulting in unintended environmental consequences.

G.HS.17 The movement of people, products and ideas resulted in new patterns of settlement and land use that influenced the political and economic development of the United States.

G.HS.18 Cultural biases, stereotypes and prejudices had social, political and economic consequences for minority groups and the population as a whole.

G.HS.19 Americans began to develop a unique national identity among diverse regional and cultural populations based on democratic ideals.

GOV Government

GOV.CP Civic Participation and Skills

GOV.CP.20 Active participation in social and civic groups can lead to the attainment of individual and public goals.

GOV.CP.21 Informed citizens understand how media and communication technology influence public opinion.

GOV.RS Roles and Systems of Government

GOV.RS.22 The U.S. Constitution established a federal republic, providing a framework for a national government with elected representatives, separation of powers, and checks and balances.

GOV.RS.23 The U.S. Constitution protects citizens' rights by limiting the powers of government.

E Economics

E.DM Economic Decision Making and Skills

E.DM.24 Choices made by individuals, businesses and governments have both present and future consequences.

E.PC Production and Consumption

E.PC.25 The Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed the means of production as a result of improvements in technology, use of new power resources, the advent of interchangeable parts and the shift from craftwork to factory work.

E.M Markets

E.M.26 Governments can impact markets by means of spending, regulations, taxes and trade barriers.