Ohio

History

• Historical Thinking and Skills

  • 1 Events can be arranged in order of occurrence using the conventions of B.C. and A.D. or B.C.E. and C.E.

    • Reading and creating timelines with BCE and CE (6-JJ.3)

• Early Civilizations

  • 2 Early civilizations (India, Egypt, China and Mesopotamia) with unique governments, economic systems, social structures, religions, technologies and agricultural practices and products flourished as a result of favorable geographic characteristics. The cultural practices and products of these early civilizations can be used to help understand the Eastern Hemisphere today.

    • Early Mesopotamia (6-B.1)
    • Mesopotamian empires (6-B.2)
    • Ancient Egypt: the Old Kingdom (6-C.1)
    • Ancient Egyptian religion (6-C.2)
    • The kingdoms of Kush (6-C.3)
    • Ancient China (6-D.1)
    • Early Chinese thought (6-D.2)
    • The Qin Empire (6-D.3)
    • Science and technology in early China (6-D.5)
    • The Gupta Empire (6-E.3)
    • Compare ancient river civilizations: geography and society (6-F.1)
    • Compare ancient river civilizations: achievements and legacy (6-F.2)

Geography

• Spatial Thinking and Skills

  • 3 Globes and other geographic tools can be used to gather, process and report information about people, places and environments. Cartographers decide which information to include and how it is displayed.

    • Read a map: cardinal directions (5-A.1)
    • Identify lines of latitude and longitude (5-A.2)
    • Use lines of latitude and longitude (5-A.3)

  • 4 Latitude and longitude can be used to identify absolute location.

    • Use lines of latitude and longitude (5-A.3)

• Places and Regions

  • 5 Regions can be determined, classified and compared using various criteria (e.g., landform, climate, population, cultural, or economic).

    • Region profile: South America (6-S.1)
    • Region profile: Europe (6-U.1)
    • Region profile: the Middle East (6-Y.1)
    • Region profile: East Asia (6-Z.1)

• Human Systems

  • 6 Variations among physical environments within the Eastern Hemisphere influence human activities. Human activities also alter the physical environment.

    • Early Mesopotamia (6-B.1)
    • Ancient Egypt: the Old Kingdom (6-C.1)
    • The kingdoms of Kush (6-C.3)
    • Region profile: South America (6-S.1)
    • Region profile: Europe (6-U.1)
    • Region profile: the Middle East (6-Y.1)
    • Region profile: East Asia (6-Z.1)
    • Country profile: China (6-Z.2)

  • 7 Political, environmental, social and economic factors cause people, products and ideas to move from place to place in the Eastern Hemisphere in the past and today.

    • Mesopotamian empires (6-B.2)
    • Early Chinese thought (6-D.2)
    • The Qin Empire (6-D.3)
    • The ancient Silk Road: geography and transportation (6-G.1)
    • The ancient Silk Road: goods and ideas (6-G.2)
    • Origins of Judaism (6-H.1)
    • Origins of Christianity (6-H.2)
    • Origins of Islam (6-H.3)
    • Origins of Buddhism (6-H.5)
    • The Byzantine Empire (6-J.9)
    • Early Islamic caliphates (6-K.2)
    • The Mongol Empire (6-M.1)
    • Renaissance origins (6-O.1)
    • Portuguese and Spanish expeditions: part I (6-Q.2)
    • Portuguese and Spanish expeditions: part II (6-Q.3)
    • French and English expeditions: part I (6-Q.4)
    • French and English expeditions: part II (6-Q.5)

  • 8 Modern cultural practices and products show the influence of tradition and diffusion, including the impact of major world religions (Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism).

    • Origins of Judaism (6-H.1)
    • Origins of Christianity (6-H.2)
    • Origins of Islam (6-H.3)
    • Origins of Hinduism (6-H.4)
    • Origins of Buddhism (6-H.5)
    • Early Islamic conquests (6-K.1)
    • Early Islamic caliphates (6-K.2)
    • Medieval Japan (6-M.2)

Government

• Civic Participation and Skills

  • 9 Different perspectives on a topic can be obtained from a variety of historic and contemporary sources. Sources can be examined for accuracy.

• Roles and Systems of Government

  • 10 Governments can be categorized as monarchies, theocracies, dictatorships or democracies, but categories may overlap and labels may not accurately represent how governments function. The extent of citizens' liberties and responsibilities varies according to limits on governmental authority.

Economics

• Economic Decision Making and Skills

  • 11 Economists compare data sets to draw conclusions about relationships among them.

    • What is economics? (6-GG.1)

  • 12 The choices people make have both present and future consequences. The evaluation of choices is relative and may differ across individuals and societies.

    • What is economics? (6-GG.1)
    • Costs and benefits (6-GG.2)
    • Opportunity cost (6-GG.3)

• Scarcity

  • 13 The fundamental questions of economics include what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.

    • What is economics? (6-GG.1)
    • Understand overall supply and demand (6-II.2)

  • 14 When regions and/or countries specialize, global trade occurs.

    • The medieval Silk Road (6-G.3)
    • Region profile: the Middle East (6-Y.1)
    • International organizations (6-CC.7)
    • Trade and specialization (6-GG.4)

• Markets

  • 15 The interaction of supply and demand, influenced by competition, helps to determine price in a market. This interaction also determines the quantities of outputs produced and the quantities of inputs (human resources, natural resources and capital) used.

    • What is a market? (6-GG.5)
    • Understand overall supply and demand (6-II.2)

• Financial Literacy

  • 16 When selecting items to buy, individuals can compare the price and quality of available goods and services.

    • What is a market? (6-GG.5)